The Real Austhwaite
A presentation on the history of the township and manor of Austhwaite in Cumbria, designed for Google Earth, and currently covering (approximately) the English historical era of the Stuart monarchs and intervening Cromwellian regime, from the early 17th century to the early 18th century CE.

Contours
Contour colouring based on Bartholomew's 1-inch map of the Lake District, c1936. Heights in feet.

The boundaries of named farms in Austhwaite, based on the 1910 Land Tax maps and surveys [held at Carlisle Archive Office]. Boundaries as defined in 1910 are marked in vivid orange; my suggestions regarding the possible boundaries between named farms which had been amalgamated by 1910 are shown in fainter, see-through orange.

brantrakebound

cragg-vague

Fieldhead-extra

(Fd. Hd.)

fieldhead-north

Forgemain

highgroundbound

Linbeckmill

lowgroundbound

marshallhouse-vague

redbrowbound

Redbrow-vague

Windygap-vague

Manor bounds
My attempt to reconstruct the boundaries of the Manor of Austhwaite, based on the modern boundaries and the original medieval deed [now in Whitehaven Archive Office]

Farmland

Moor-bound-E

Moor-bound-W

Events / appointments
Events, changes and appointments to official positions, as recorded in a variety of documents. The actual location of the main sources for this information is Whitehaven Archive Office, references being as follows:
Manor court rolls to 1715: bound together in a large brown portfolio at ref. D/Pen/74a
Rentals and related charges (townterm and forest meale): account book in box D/Pen/74a
Eskdale parish register: on microfilm; also modern transcripts and full-size photographic copy on the library shelves. NB: For an attempt to transcribe the near-illegible entries 1625-29, see the excellentfivenine.co.uk website. Eskdale chapel accounts (1699 onward): ref. YPR 4/14
However, two other Church sources, useful for later years, are at Carlisle Archive Office: Bishop's Transcripts of parish registers, and church Presentments (reports to the diocese): ref. DRC 6/61

MC: Manor Court sessions
The Manor court seems usually to have met once a year, and dealt with a variety of business from disputes and misdemeanours to transfers of customary tenancies. The location is rarely stated, but Linbeck Mill seems to have been used in the early part of the 17th century. Court records are mostly at the Whitehaven office of Cumbria Archives; up to 1715, bound together in a large brown portfolio at ref. D/Pen/74a; 1716 onward, ref. D Pen/172. Document ref. BD-TB-26-1-1 at the Barrow archive office is a stray court record from 1695.

Richard Hartley 1
MANOR COURT, (7 James I) 1609 Oct 27: Manor: Esthwait; Lord: Edward Standley; Steward: Mungo Ribton; Jurors: Henry Wilkinson; Thomas Tyson; William Dickinson; John Willson; John Tyson; John Sharpe; Thomas Jackson; William Sharpe; William Willson; William Willson senior; Robert Mawson; George Wilkinson; Thomas Procter; Henry Bebye; Jo. Thompson; Richard Hartleye

Richard Hartley 1
MANOR COURT (8 James 1) 1610 Nov 7: Manor: Esthweat; Lord: Edward Standley Esq.; Steward: Mungo Ribton; Jurors: Henry Wilkinson; Thomas Tyson; William Dickinson; John Willson; John Tyson; Thomas Jackson; William Sharpe; William Willson; William Willson senior; Robert Mawson; George Wilkinson; Thomas Procter; Henry Beby; John Thomson; Richard Hartleye.
The court record also includes a surrender of half of an estate at Stanley Hall, not in Austhwaite.

Richard Hartley 1
MANOR COURT: 9 James 1 (1611?) Nov 8: Manor: Esthweat; Lord: Edward Standley; Steward: Mungo Ribton; Jurors: Henry Wilkinson, Thomas Tyson, William Dickinson, John Willson, John Tyson, Thomas Jackson, Will. Willson, Will. Willson snr., Robert Mawson, George Wilkinson, Thomas Procktor, Henry Beby, John Thompson, Ric. Hartley, John Sharpe.

MANOR COURT, 10 James 1 (1612?) Nov 13: Manor: Easthweat feild; Lord: Edward Standley Esq.; Steward: Mungo Ribton; Jurors: Henry Wilkinson, Thomas Tyson, William Dickinson; John Willson; William Willson; Robert Mawson; John Tyson; Henry Beby; Thomas Jackson; George Wilkinson; William Willson junior; Richard Hartleye; John Pearson

MANOR COURT 13 James 1 (1615?) Jul 5: Manor: Easth feld; Lord: Edward Standley Esq.; Steward: Monngo Ribton; Jurors: Henry Wilkinson; Thomas Tyson; John Willson; William Willson; Robert Mowson; John Tyson; Henry Beby; Thomas Jackson; George Wilkinson; William Willson junior; Richard Hartleye; John Peirson; John Sharpe; Henry Morland

MANOR COURT 15 James 1 (1617?) Nov 21: Manor: Esthweat feild; Lord: Edward Standley Esq.; Steward: Monngo Ribton gent.; Jurors: William Willson; Thomas Tyson; John Willson; Robert Mawson; Henry Jackson; John Tyson; Henry Bebye; Thomas Jackson; George Wilkinson; William Willson junior; Richard Hartley; John Peirson; John Willson; John Dickeyson; Richard Tyson
Tenants' list has extra names, most apparently duplicates from the main list (and all those marked \ also appear in the list of jurors, mostly in the same order, suggesting that this may be a provisional jury list): Henry Willkinson; Richard Hartleye (added late); \Thomas Tyson; \John Willson; \William Willson; \Robert Mawson; \John Tyson; \Henry Beby; \Thomas Jackson; \George Willkinson; \William Willson junior; \Richard Hartley; \John Peirson; John Sharp; Henry Morland

MANOR COURT, 16 James 1 (1619?) Feb 26 Manor: Easthweatfeild; Lord: Edward Standley Esq.; Steward: Monngo Ribton gent.; Jurors: Edward Willson; William Willson junior; Thomas Jackson; Henry Beby; John Tyson; Henry Jackson; Thomas Tyson; John Willson; Robert Mowson; Geo. Wilkinson; Rich. Hartley; John Peirson; John Willson junior
The list of tenants has the same extra, part-duplicated names at the end as in November 1617, suggesting that the whole list has been copied from the previous court with only the most obvious alterations included:

MANOR COURT [record for 19 James 1 / 1621 contains an additional section, with an AD date]: "Primo die Septembr. 1625". Although jury list and other details are omitted, this is presumably the record of a court held on that date, so transactions listed beneath this heading are entered under the date 1625 Sep 1

MANOR COURT, 19 James 1 (& 55 of Scotland; 1621?) July 12: Manor: Eastwent ffeild; Lord: Edward Stanlay Esq.; Steward: Mungo Ribton; Jurors: Edward Willson, John Tyson, Robert Mawson, Richard Tyson, John Dickinson, Edward Nichollson, Henry Jackson, John Willson, William Willson, John Peirson, Richard Hartley, Thomas Tyson, Thomas Jackson, Henry Beby, William Thompson

MANOR COURT, 4 Charles 1 (1628?) Dec 4: Manor: Easthweatffeild; Lord: Edward Stanley; Steward: ?; Jurors: Thomas Jackson, William Wilson, Robert Mawson, Thomas Tyson, John Peirson, John Hartley, Henry Jackson jun., James Wilkinson, William Tomson, John Sharpe, Robert Wilson, William Jackson

MANOR COURT, 5 Charles 1 (1629) May 16: Manor: Easthweatffeild; Lord: Edward Standley Esq. & John Standley gent.; Steward: Monngo Ribton gent.; Jurors: Thomas Jackson; Henry Beby; Robert Mawson; Nicholas Dickson; Robert Willson; Robert Willson junior; John Dickinson; Henry Jackson; William Jackson; William Thompson; William Willson; George Nicholson; John Peirson; Thomas Tyson; James Willkinson

MANOR COURT, 6 Charles 1 (1630) Oct 16: Manor: Easthweatffeild; Lord: Edward Stanley Esq.; Steward: ?; Jurors: Thomas Jackson; William Wilson; Robert Mawson; Thomas Tyson; John Peirson; John Hartley; Henry Jackson (jnr?); James Wilkinson; William Tomson; John Sharpe; Robert Wilson; William Jackson

MANOR COURT, 7 Charles 1 (1631) Jul 27: Manor: Easthweatffeild; Lord: Edward Stanley Esq.; Steward: ?; Jurors: Thomas Jackson; Henry Jackson; William Wilson; Robert Mawson; Henry Biby; Robert Wilson junior; John Dickeson; Robert Wilson senior; Henry Morland; Nicholas Dickson; Thomas Tyson; John Peirson; John Hartley; Henry Jackson

MANOR COURT, 1649 Sep 6, Manor: Easthwaite; Lord: John Stanley; Steward: William Tubman; Jurors: Thomas Tyson; Robert Willson; John Dickonson; Henry Jackson; William Jackson; William Thompson; Thomas Willson; John Willson; Thomas Dawson; Edward Tyson; Nicholaus Tyson; Thomas Willson

MANOR COURT, 1650 Sep 5: Manor: Easthwaite; Lord: John Stanley Esq.; Steward: William Tubman; Jurors: Thomas Tyson; John Willson; Robert Willson; Ffrancis Tyson; John Dickonson; Henry Jackson; Henry Bibie; William Jackson; William Thompson; Thomas Willson; Thomas Dawson; James ("Jacobus") ______; Thomas Mawson

MANOR COURT, 1651 Sep 4: Manor: Easthwaite; Lord: John Stanley Esq.; Steward: William Tubman; Homagers: Thomas Tyson; Henry Bibie; Thomas Willson; William Jackson; William Thompson; Robert Willson; John Dickonson; Henry Jackson; Ffrancis Tyson; Thomas Mawson; Thomas Dawson; John Sharpe; John Dixon

MANOR COURT, 1663 Jun 15: Manor: Easthwaite; Lord: Edward Stanley; Steward: Ric. Tubman; Homagers: John Wilson; John Dickenson; Henry Jackson; Ffrancis Tyson; Henry Wilson; Henry Hartley; John Dixon; William Thompson senior; William Thompson junior; John Wilson; John Robinson; John Dickenson junior; William Jackson; James ("Jacobus") Wilkinson; Richard Wilson

MANOR COURT, 16 Charles 2 (1664) Jun 30: Manor: [damaged] ....waite; Lord: Edward Stanley; Steward: Ric. Tubman; Jurors: John Wilson, Robert Wilson, Thomas Mawson, John Dickenson jun., Henry Wilson, Henry Hartley, John Dixon, Nich. Mawson, Will. Thompson, Will. Jackson, Nich. Tyson, John Robinson, Will. Jackson jun.

MANOR COURT, 1665 Sep 10: Manor: Estwaite; Lord: Edward Stanley of Dailegarth Esq.; Steward: Jo. Sherwen; Jurors: Robert Wilson; John Wilson; Thomas Mawson; Henry Wilson; Will. Thompson; John Smith; Nicholas Tyson; John Dickinson; Henry Jackson; Ffrancis Tyson; Henry Hartley; John Dixon; John Robinson

MANOR COURT, 20 Charles II (1668) Apr 24: Manor: Estwhaite; Lord: Edward Stanley of Dailegarth Esq.; Steward: Jo. Sherwen; Estwhaite: Jurors: Robert Wilson; Thom. Mawson; John Dickinson; Richard Wilson; Ffrancis Tyson; Henry Jackson; Henry Ffisher; William Tompson; Nichol. Tyson; John Dixon; John Robinson; William Wilson; Henry Hartley

MANOR COURT, 23 Charles 2 (1671) Nov 28: Manor: "Manerium de Austwhaite et Birker"; Lord: Edward Stanley of Dailegrath; Steward: Jo. Sherwen; Jurors: Thomas Tyson; Edward Wilson; Henry Wilson; John Dickinson; John Woodend; John Tyson; Thom. ?Mawson; Henry Hartley; Henry Jackson; John Inman; Nichol. Tyson; Willm. Tomson; John Wilson

MANOR COURT, 26 Charles II (1674) Dec 11: Manor: "Maneriu. de Austhwaite et Birker"; Lord: Edward Stanley of Dailegarth Esq.; Steward: John Sherwen; Jurors: Thom. Tyson; Henry Wilson; Henry Hartley; John Dixon; Thom. Tyson jun. ; Edward Tyson; John Woodend; John Inman; Thom. Mawson; John Dickinson; Nichol. Tyson; Willm. Thomson; Willm. Jackson.

MANOR COURT (SPECIAL SESSION), 1679 Jun 13: Manor: "Mannor of Austhwait & Birker"; Lord; Edward Stanley of Dailgarth Esq.; Steward: Jo. Sherwen; Special court to determine the boundaries between Spothow, Pyet Nest & High House, Low Birker, Underbank & Whincop, held at Thomas Tyson's. Jurors: Robert Stephenson: Thomas Mawson; John Stevenson; William Thompson; Edward Wilson; John Inman; Henry Wilson; John Dixon; John Dixon jun.; Henry Ffisher; William Hartley; John Woodend
[The record of this court gives details of the boundaries of sheep-heaves in Birker, but no information about Austhwaite]

MANOR COURT, 32 Charles II (1680) Dec 7: Manor: Austhwaite & Birker ; Lord: Edward Stanley of Dailegarth Esq.; Steward: John Sherwen; Jurors: Robert Stevenson; John Dickson; Henry Wilson; Robert Mowson; Will. Thompson; Edward Tyson; John Tyson; Henry Hartley; John Inman; John Dixon; John Woodend; Henry Ffisher; John Tyson

MANOR COURT, 1 James II (1685) Nov 13: Manor: Austhwait & Birker; Lord: Edward Stanley of Dalegarth Esq.; Steward: John Sherwen; Jurors: John Dickinson; Thom. Jackson; Thom. Tyson; Joseph Sharpe; Thom. Tyson; Will. Pearson; John Jackson; John Tyson; Thom. Mawson; Robert Stephenson; Henry Wilson; Will. Thompson; Will. Wilson.

MANOR COURT, 1688 Sep 10: Manor: [damaged] ....thwait & Birker; Lord: Edward Stanley of Dalegarth Esq.; Steward: John Sherwen; Jurors: Robert Stevenson; John Dixkinson; Thom. Tyson; John Jackson; Thom. Tyson; Henry Hartley; Edward Tyson; Joseph Sharp; Thom. Jackson; John Inman; John Tyson; Will. Wilson; John Woodend

MANOR COURT, 8 William & Mary (1696) Mar 2 [Barrow Archive Centre, ref. BD/TB/26/1/1]: Manor: Austhwaite & Birker; Lord: Edward Stanley Esq.; Steward: Willi. Robertson gent.; Jurors: Rob. Stevenson; John Jackson; Thom. Jackson; Joseph Sharpe; Rob. Mawson; Edward Tyson; John Inman; Thom. Dixson; John Tyson; Edward Dickinson; Thom. Tyson; John Atkinson; Thom. Tyson; Thom. Jackson

MANOR COURT, 5 Anne (1706) Nov 28: Manor: Austhwaite & Birker; Lord: Ed'rd Stanley Esq.; Steward: Antony Benn gent.; Jurors: John Jackson; Will. Tyson; Thomas Jackson; Joseph Sharpe; Isaac Stephenson; Thomas Tyson; Edward Tyson; Will. Poole; Thomas Tyson; Robert Mawson; Edward Tyson; Nich. Nicholson; Ric. Mawson

MANOR COURT, 8 Anne (1708) Mar 24: Manor: [damaged] .....waite ....; Lord: [damaged] E.... Stanley Esq.; Steward: John Muncaster; Jurors: John Jackson; Tho. Jackson; Tho. Tyson; John Hartley; Will. Poole; Joseph Sharpe; Edward Tyson; Tho. Tyson; Edward Tyson; Will. Tyson; Tho. Tyson; Will. Nicholson

MANOR COURT, 11 Anne (1713) Feb 11: Manor: Austhwaite & Birker; Lord: Ed'r. Stanley Esq.; Steward: John Muncaster; Jurors: Thomas Jackson; Will. Wilson; Tho. Tyson; John Hartley; Joseph Sharpe; Edward Holme; John Tyson; Tho. Tyson of High Birker; Tho. Tyson of Brant Rake; Edward Tyson of Brant Rake; Nich. Nicholson; Ric. Mowson. Foreman ("Custos Jur.") Jo. Atkinson

MANOR COURT, 1715/6 Jan 25 [in Whitehaven Archive Office ref. D/Pen/172]: Manor: Austhwt & Birker; Lord: John Stanley; Steward: John Muncaster; Jurors: Edward Tyson of Brantrake, Thomas Jackson, Thomas Tyson of Penny Hill, Joseph Sharpe, Thomas Tyson of High Birker, Edward Tyson of Birkerthwaite, Edward Jackson, Thomas Tyson of Whincopp, John Tyson, Will. Tyson, Will. Wilson, Will. Poole, Nicholas Nicholson. Sole business was the assessment of the General Fine following the death of Edward Stanley Esq.

MF: manor general Fines
Fines were fees levied for the recording of transactions such as changes of customary tenant. When a Lord of the Manor died, all customary tenants became liable for fines, such levies being termed General Fines.

Edward Stanley 1
Eskdale (etc.) GENERAL FINE, 1633 [Leconfield Estates ref. D/Lec/314/41, via Whitehaven Archive Office]: In the general administrative process for all tenants of the late Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland (died 1632 Nov 5), Edward Stanleye is readmitted as a tenant of Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland, to the two halves of Eskdale mill (rent 4s pa each; total 8s pa). His admission fine is £6 13s 4d, of which he pays £1 13s 4d immediately (the rest is paid Oct 1634).

Edward Stanley 3, John Stanley 2
GENERAL FINE at manor court, 1715/6 Jan 25 [from Whitehaven Archive Office, ref D/Pen/172]:
Assessed at 20d per penny of rent. Payment to be made 16 May next "at the Mansion house of the Sd. Lord at Dalegarth- to which time and place this Court is Adjourned."

Edward Stanley 1, John Stanley
GENERAL FINE, 1647/8 Feb 23 [from rental book begun by Thomas Stanley, in Whitehaven Archive Office box D/Pen/74a]: ..."the generall fyne payde to John Stanley of Dalegarth in the Countie of Comberlande Esqr. at or upon the death of his father Edward Stanley in an'o Dom 1647" ... "Birker et Eshwait"
Assessed at 15d per penny of rent. Note that "Birker" in the title here refers soiely to High Ground and Low Ground in Austhwaite, not to the adjacent manor of Birker.The collection process had begun a month earlier with Birkby tenants; most Austhwaite tenants paid on 23 February, but a few took longer: Henry Wilsone (milner) of Readbrow, 1648 Apr 3; Willm. Tompsone, Wyndygape, 1648 Apr 26; Thomas Hartley, fulling mill, 1649/50 Feb 4

a: manor Administrators
In addition to the juries of the manor courts (category MC) there were officials appointed for specific duties. Pretty much every court record lists two men appointed to check the condition of boundaries / hedges (here probably used in its old general sense, including stone walls). Also subject to inspection were watercourses. At the court sessions, particularly in later years, pairs of afferors (variously spelled) scrutinise the fines imposed by the jury, and, quite frequently, make significant reductions.

aA: Affeerors
Penalties imposed by the Manor court were subject, at least from the second half of the 17th century, to review by two Affeerors [spellings of this term vary greatly] who would often choose to halve the original amount.

John Wilson 4
Court OFFICIALS, 1663 Jun 15: Afferers, John Wilson of Birker & John Wilson of Easthwaite

John Wilson 3
Court OFFICIALS, 1663 Jun 15: Afferers, John Wilson of Birker & John Wilson of Easthwaite

Nicholas Mawson 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1664 Jun 30: Afferors: Nich. Mawson [location unknown, but possibly, judging from his place in the jury list, occupier of the larger Swordhouse tenement, which may have been rented directly from the Stanleys] & John Wilson

John Wilson 3
Court OFFICIALS, 1664 Jun 30: Afferors: Nich. Mawson & John Wilson

John Dickinson 2
Court OFFICIALS, 1685 Nov 13: Affeerors: John Dickinson, Willm. Thompson

William Thompson 3
Court OFFICIALS, 1685 Nov 13: Affeerors: John Dickinson, Willm. Thompson

Court OFFICIALS, 1706 Nov 28: Affearors: John Jackson & Edward Tyson

John Jackson 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1706 Nov 28: Affearors: John Jackson & Edward Tyson

John Jackson 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1708 Mar 24: Affearors: Jo. Jackson & Tho. Jackson

Court OFFICIALS, 1708 Mar 24: Affearors: Jo. Jackson & Tho. Jackson [assumed here to be Thomas Jackson of Birker]

aB: Boundary / hedge inspectors
The term "hedge" here includes stone walls, which would certainly be as common in 17th century Austhwaite as they are today. In some years, inspectors of dikes/ditches appear instead; this may be a particular court clerk's term for the same function, or possibly the decision was made to pay closer attention to the drainage network in those years.

Thomas Tyson 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1609 Oct 27: Boundary supervisors: Thomas Tyson; John Wilkinson; William Sharpe

John Wilkinson 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1609 Oct 27: Boundary supervisors: Thomas Tyson; John Wilkinson; William Sharpe

William Sharpe 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1609 Oct 27: Boundary supervisors: Thomas Tyson; John Wilkinson; William Sharpe

William Dickinson 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1610 Nov 7: Supervisors of boundaries for the coming year are William Dickinson, John Thomson and Henry Bebie.

John Thompson 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1610 Nov 7: Supervisors of boundaries for the coming year are William Dickinson, John Thomson and Henry Bebie.

Henry Beby 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1610 Nov 7: Supervisors of boundaries for the coming year are William Dickinson, John Thomson and Henry Bebie.

Robert Mawson 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1611 Nov 8: Boundary supervisors: Robert Mawson, Thomas Jackson, John Sharpe.

John Sharpe 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1611 Nov 8: Boundary supervisors: Robert Mawson, Thomas Jackson, John Sharpe.

Thomas Jackson 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1611 Nov 8: Boundary supervisors: Robert Mawson, Thomas Jackson, John Sharpe.

John Wilkinson 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1612 Nov 13: Boundary supervisors: Henry Wilkinson, John Wilkinson

Henry Wilkinson 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1612 Nov 13: Boundary supervisors: Henry Wilkinson, John Wilkinson

George Wilkinson 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1615 Jul 5:Boundary supervisors: George Wilkinson, Thomas Jackson

Thomas Jackson 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1615 Jul 5:Boundary supervisors: George Wilkinson, Thomas Jackson

John Tyson 1
Court OFFICIALS 1617 Nov 21: Supervisors of ditches: John Tyson & Henry Beby

Henry Beby 1
Court OFFICIALS 1617 Nov 21: Supervisors of ditches: John Tyson & Henry Beby

William Wilson 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1619 Feb 26: Supervisors of boundaries: William Willson [I have assumed this was William of Low Ground, as there seems to have been a tendency around this time to pick pairs of near neighbours as boundary supervisors] & Robert Mawson

Robert Mawson 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1619 Feb 26: Supervisors of boundaries: William Willson & Robert Mawson

Thomas Procter 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1621 Jul 12: Boundary supervisors: John Dickinson, Thomas Proctor

John Dickinson 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1621 Jul 12: Boundary supervisors: John Dickinson, Thomas Proctor

James Wilkinson 1a
Court OFFICIALS, 1629 May 16: Supervisors of boundaries: James ("Jacobus") Wilkinson [I have assumed that this was the James associated with Swordhouse, near neighbour of the other supervisor:] & Thomas Tyson

Thomas Tyson 3
Court OFFICIALS, 1629 May 16: Supervisors of boundaries: James ("Jacobus") Wilkinson & Thomas Tyson

Henry Jackson 2
Court OFFICIALS, 1649 Sep 6: Hedgelookers: Henry Jackson & Nicholas Tyson

Nicholas Tyson 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1649 Sep 6: Hedgelookers: Henry Jackson & Nicholas Tyson

William Thompson 3
Court OFFICIALS, 1650 Sep 5: Dike lookers for the next year: John Sharpe and William Thompson

John Sharpe 2
Court OFFICIALS, 1650 Sep 5: Dike lookers for the next year: John Sharpe and William Thompson

Thomas Mawson 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1651 Sep 4: Hedge lookers for the next year: William Jackson & Thomas Mawson

William Jackson 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1651 Sep 4: Hedge lookers for the next year: William Jackson & Thomas Mawson

John Dickinson 2
Court OFFICIALS, 1664 Jun 30: Hedgelookers: John Dickenson & John Robinson

John Robinson 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1664 Jun 30: Hedgelookers: John Dickenson & John Robinson

Court OFFICIALS, 1665 Sep10: Hedge lookers: Jo. Wilson; Will. Jackson

William Jackson 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1665 Sep10: Hedge lookers: Jo. Wilson; Will. Jackson [assumed here to be William Jackson of Field Head]

Court OFFICIALS, 1668 Apr 24: Hedge lookers: John Dickinson, Henry Ffisher

Henry Fisher 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1668 Apr 24: Hedge lookers: John Dickinson, Henry Ffisher

Court OFFICIALS, 1671 Nov 28: Hedge lookers: John Inman; John Dixon

John Dixon 2
Court OFFICIALS, 1671 Nov 28: Hedge lookers: John Inman; John Dixon

Thomas Tyson (Birker?)
Court OFFICIALS, 1706 Nov 28: Hedge Lookers: Robert Mawson & Thomas Tyson

Robert Mawson 2
Court OFFICIALS, 1706 Nov 28: Hedge Lookers: Robert Mawson & Thomas Tyson

John Garner 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1708 Mar 24: Hedge lookers: John Garner & Edward Tyson

Court OFFICIALS, 1708 Mar 24: Hedge lookers: John Garner & Edward Tyson [assumed here to be Edward Tyson of Birker]

Court OFFICIALS, 1713 Feb 11: Hedge Lookers: Joseph S[page torn ?=Sharpe]; R[illegible and torn ?=Richard Mowson]

Richard Mawson 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1713 Feb 11: Hedge Lookers: Joseph S[page torn ?=Sharpe]; R[illegible and torn ?=Richard Mowson]

aS: Assessors (general)
More study is needed to identify the role of officials described simply as Assessors; they probably overlap at least one other category, but which?

Thomas Tyson 4
Court OFFICIALS, 1649 Sep 6: Assessors: Thomas Tyson & Thomas Willson

Thomas Wilson 3
Court OFFICIALS, 1649 Sep 6: Assessors: Thomas Tyson & Thomas Willson

Henry Jackson 2
Court OFFICIALS, 1650 Sep 5: Assessors for the next year: Henry Jackson & William Jackson

William Jackson 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1650 Sep 5: Assessors for the next year: Henry Jackson & William Jackson

Henry Beby 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1651 Sep 4: Assessors for the next year: Thomas Dawson & Henry Bibie

Thomas Dawson 1a
Court OFFICIALS, 1651 Sep 4: Assessors for the next year: Thomas Dawson & Henry Bibie

William Thompson 3
Court OFFICIALS, 1664 Jun 30: [page damaged] Will Daw[son]; [damaged]: Will. Thompson, [damaged] Jackson

William Dawson 1
Court OFFICIALS, 1664 Jun 30: [page damaged] Will Daw[son]; [damaged]: Will. Thompson, [damaged] Jackson

Court OFFICIALS, 1664 Jun 30: [page damaged] Will Daw[son]; [damaged]: Will. Thompson, [damaged] Jackson [assumed here to be William Jackson of Field Head]

v/o/s: Offences and disputes
Criminal and civil court verdicts and orders, mostly from the Manor court records, but also including some from higher courts (please note, however, that legal proceedings resulting from the Civil War are listed in the National Government section at nC)

v: Verdicts on offences
Verdicts and penalties in cases relating to crimes and misdemeanours (including failures to meet legal responsibilities)

vB: verdicts, Boundaries / hedges

John Tyson 1, Thomas Tyson 4a
Court VERDICT, 1610 Nov 7: The wife of Nicholas Bebie has failed to maintain her "head hedge" properly; penalty 6d. John Tyson and Thomas Tyson of Read Brow (same offence?); penalty 6d.

wife Beby 2
Court VERDICT, 1610 Nov 7: The wife of Nicholas Bebie has failed to maintain her "head hedge" properly; penalty 6d. John Tyson and Thomas Tyson of Read Brow (same offence?); penalty 6d.

Court VERDICT, 1612 Nov 13: Thomas Tyson, guilty of default in the regard ?????? [page torn] his boundary, penalty 6d

Court VERDICT 1617 Nov 21: Henry Beby's boundary is defective; penalty 6d

Court VERDICT, 1621 Jul 12: John Dickinson, for default of his boundary, penalty 6d

Court VERDICT, 1629 May 16: William Thompson has not repaired his ditch at Field Head; penalty 3s 4d

Henry Wilson 1
COURT VERDICT, 1649 Sep 6: James Wilkinson & Henry Willson have allowed a section of dike at Redbrow to fall into decay. Penalty 3s 4d (affeared to 2s)

James Wilkinson 1b
COURT VERDICT, 1649 Sep 6: James Wilkinson & Henry Willson have allowed a section of dike at Redbrow to fall into decay. Penalty 3s 4d (affeared to 2s)

Court VERDICT, 1668 Apr 24: John Dickinson, William Tompson, Nicholas Tyson & William Jackson have not made their Tongue Skaile hedge properly; they should forfeit "ye old paine" of 6d apiece

Nicholas Tyson 1

John Wilson 5a
Court VERDICT, 1671 Nov 28: Edward Wilson & John Wilson [assumed here to be John the glover] are each to forfeit "ye Late paine" of 6d for allowing their moss dike to collapse, and must make it good by 1 June; penalty 3s 4d each for default.

Edward Wilson 3
Court VERDICT, 1671 Nov 28: Edward Wilson & John Wilson are each to forfeit "ye Late paine" of 6d for allowing their moss dike to collapse, and must make it good by 1 June; penalty 3s 4d each for default.

Henry Hartley 1
Court VERDICT, 1671 Nov 28: Henry Hartley is to forfeit "ye Ancent peine" of 6d for allowing his "meane ffence" to lie down

Edward Wilson 2
Court VERDICT, 1680 Dec 7: Edward Wilson of Brantrake has not made his "mean hedge" to an acceptable standard; penalty 3s 4d

Emmot Dawson 1, Emmot Dawson 2
Court VERDICT, 1680 Dec 7: Em. Dawson & her mother [assumed here to be running the property of which Edward Dawson was nominal tenant] have not made their "mean hedge" to an acceptable standard; penalty 3s 4d

Henry Fisher 1
Court VERDICT, 1680 Dec 7: Henry Ffisher has not made his "mean hedge" to an acceptable standard; penalty 3s 4d

John Tyson 2
Court VERDICT, 1680 Dec 7: John ["Tyson" erased] Tayler [assumed here to be John Tyson of Cragg- see other case same date] has not made up & repaired Toung Scale dike as ordered; penalty 3s 4d

John Dixon 1
Court VERDICT, 1680 Dec 7: John Dixon jun. has not made his "mean hedge" to an acceptable standard; penalty 3s 4d

John Dixon 2
Court VERDICT, 1680 Dec 7: John Dixon sen. has not made his "mean hedge" to an acceptable standard; penalty 3s 4d

John Tyson 2
Court VERDICT, 1680 Dec 7: John Tyson Tayler has not made his "mean hedge" to an acceptable standard; penalty 3s 4d. [NB This entry, in a list of similar offences by almost every tenant of Austhwaite Field, enables us to identify John Tyson Tayler as John Tyson of Cragg, rather than John Tyson of High Ground; Tayler was probably a distinguishing name based on his trade speciality]

Nicholas Tyson 2
Court VERDICT, 1680 Dec 7: Nicholas Tyson of Brantrake has not made his "mean hedge" to an acceptable standard; penalty 3s 4d

Robert Stevenson 2
Court VERDICT, 1680 Dec 7: Robert Stevenson has not made his "mean hedge" to an acceptable standard; penalty 3s 4d

Court VERDICT, 1680 Dec 7: William Thompson has not made his "mean hedge" to an acceptable standard; penalty 3s 4d

Ann Dixon 1
Eskdale MANOR COURT, 1682 Apr 21: Ann Dixon, widow of one of the tenants of Edward Stanley Esq., has not made up the fence between her land and Eskdale manor land. Fine 6s 8d (affeered to 3s 4d).

Ann Dixon 1
Court VERDICT, 1685 Nov 13: Ann Dixon has allowed her mean hedge to get out of repair; penalty 3s 4d (affeared to 2s 6d)

Joseph Haile 1
Court VERDICT, 1688 Sep 10: Joseph Haile [at a wild guess, tenant farmer at Swordhouse], Jennet Dixon, Willm. Pearson & Widow Ffisher have not made up their Tonguescale hedge, so forfeit "ye old paine" of 6d each

Janet Dixon 3
Court VERDICT, 1688 Sep 10: Joseph Haile, Jennet Dixon [assumed to be connected with Widow Dixon at Milkingstead], Willm. Pearson & Widow Ffisher have not made up their Tonguescale hedge, so forfeit "ye old paine" of 6d each

Isabel Fisher 1
Court VERDICT, 1688 Sep 10: Joseph Haile, Jennet Dixon, Willm. Pearson & Widow Ffisher have not made up their Tonguescale hedge, so forfeit "ye old paine" of 6d each

William Pearson 2
Court VERDICT, 1688 Sep 10: Joseph Haile, Jennet Dixon, Willm. Pearson & Widow Ffisher have not made up their Tonguescale hedge, so forfeit "ye old paine" of 6d each

Henry Haile 1
ESKDALE MANOR COURT, 1694 Apr 27: "Henry Haile shall make his fence which border on the River of Esk which belonge unto Milkin myre stead in Austhwait which lyeth against Bearepott Holme" by 15 May; penalty for default 3s 4d

Isaac Stevenson 1
Court VERDICT, 1706 Nov 28: Isaac Stephenson has failed to make good his park hedge; penalty 1s 8d (affered to 1s)

Isabel Fisher 1
Court VERDICT and ORDER, 1708 Mar 24: Isabell Fisher, widow, has allowed her "headgard hedge" to fall into disrepair; penalty 3s 4d. (Affeared to 6d, by Jo. Jackson & Tho. Jackson)
The hedge must be repaired before 16 April; penalty for default 3s 4d

John Garner 1
Court VERDICT and ORDER, 1713 Feb 11: John Garnet has allowed his hedge at Thompson Banke to fall into decay, "to the Damage of his Neighbours"; penalty [page torn] (Affeered to 1s)
The court orders John Garnet to make his fence at Thompson Banke "good and lawful" before Midsummer; penalty for default [almost illegible; ?6s 8d]

Court VERDICT and ORDER, 1713 Feb 11: William Tyson [here assumed to be William Tyson of Birker] has not repaired his fence "called Helme How", between his lands and Edward Tyson's; penalty [page torn] (Affeered to 1s 6d)
The court orders William Tyson to keep the Helme How fence in good repair until he can supply proof that it is not his responsibility; penalty for default 3s 4d

vE: verdicts, Extortion?

Court VERDICT, 1609 Oct 27: William Wilkinson (of Birker?), for a "rescue" [known elsewhere as a "rescouse"- taking property he claims as his own, but without legal authority] against Robert Mawson; penalty 3s 4d and for another "rescue" against Robert Mawson; penalty 3s 4d.

vF: verdicts, Failure to obey court

Court VERDICT, 1663 Jun 15: Henry Beby failed to appear at the manor court when legally summoned as a tenant; penalty 6s 8d
Furthermore, he failed to appear when summoned to give evidence in a dispute between two parties; penalty 3s 4d

Court VERDICT, 1663 Jun 15: Nicholas Tyson refused to be sworn as a juror, in open court; penalty 39s [Note this does not seem to say he refused to serve on the jury; possibly he was an early Quaker]

Henry Hartley 1
Court VERDICT, 1665 Sep10: Henry Hartley has [?not paid? (page torn)] a penalty of 3s 4d (affered) imposed on an earlier occasion; this still stands, "& so doth all ye aboues'd orders w'thout any mi"[tigation? (page torn)]

vH: verdicts, Highways

Thomas Procter 1
Court VERDICT, 1610 Nov 7: Thomas Procter put a dunghill in the highway; penalty 3s 4d

vI: verdicts, Immorality?

Richard Tyson 1, Edward Nicholson 1, Janet Nicholson 1
Court VERDICT 1617 Nov 21: Richard Tyson is guilty of ?touching the wife of Edward Nicholson; penalty 20d

vL: verdicts, Livestock (general)

Court VERDICT, 1609 Oct 27: Henry Bebye is guilty of driving his sheep wrongly on the common, contrary to order; penalty 3s 4d.

Thomas Jackson 1
Court VERDICT, 1610 Nov 7: Thomas Jackson has not kept his ?sow piglet ("porcala") under control; penalty 12d

John Thompson 1, ?William Thompson 1
Court VERDICT, 1611 Nov 8: The same John Thompson is responsible for the action of his son in turning goods upon the pasture contrary to order: penalty 3s 4d.

Richard Tyson 1
Court VERDICT, 1612 Nov 13: The same Richard Tyson is guilty of driving stock "across drift" contrary to order, penalty 3s 4d.

George Wilkinson 1
Court VERDICT, 1619 Feb 26: George Wilkinson is guilty of putting sheep from elsewhere on the lord's pasture; penalty 3s 4d

George Wilkinson 1
Court VERDICT, 1621 Jul 12: George Wilkinson is guilty of leading his beasts "short of White Stocke" contrary to order; penalty 3s 4d

Richard Tyson 1
Court VERDICT, 1625 Sep 1: Richard Tyson of Heighe Birker is guilty of cutting (Lat. "succedit") an oak; penalty 3s 4d
The same Richard, for keeping cattle after the usual date; penalty 3s 4d

Court VERDICT, 1668 Apr 24: Wm. Tompson [location unknown] allowed a tup to go loose on the Common ("ye Coman"); penalty 6d

Henry Wilson 1, Anne Dixon 1
Court VERDICT, 1685 Nov 13: Henry Wilson has allowed his "goods" [livestock] to graze on Ann Dixon's land; penalty 3s 4d (affeared to 1s)

vLi: verdicts, Livestock (injury)

Richard Tyson 1
Court VERDICT, 1612 Nov 13: Richard Tyson of Birker is guilty of illegal hounding (Lat. "effugione") of sheep at Black Beck, penalty 3s 4d.

Court VERDICT, 1629 May 16: The same William Thompson has been illegally hounding sheep on the lord's pasture; penalty 3s 4d

Court VERDICT, 1663 Jun 15: John Wilson [assumed here to be the Brantrake occupant], John Dixon & Nicholas Tyson are guilty of allowing their swine to go without rings; penalty 1s each

Court VERDICT, 1663 Jun 15: John Wilson, John Dixon & Nicholas Tyson are guilty of allowing their swine to go without rings; penalty 1s each

Henry Dickinson 1
Court VERDICT, 1685 Nov 13: Henry Dickinson [assumed here to be associated with John Dickinson, but possibly a mistake for Henry Dixon] is guilty of keeping his swine unringed; penalty 3s 4d (affeared to 2s)

vM: verdicts, Mill repairs

John Sharpe 1
Court VERDICT, 1610 Nov 7: John Sharp, Thomas Procter & Thomas Tyson have not thatched their parts of the mill: penalty 3s 4d (=40d) for Sharp, 20d each for the others.

Thomas Procter 1
Court VERDICT, 1610 Nov 7: John Sharp, Thomas Procter & Thomas Tyson have not thatched their parts of the mill: penalty 3s 4d (=40d) for Sharp, 20d each for the others.

Court VERDICT, 1610 Nov 7: John Sharp, Thomas Procter & Thomas Tyson have not thatched their parts of the mill: penalty 3s 4d (=40d) for Sharp, 20d each for the others.

Court VERDICT, 1668 Apr 24: John Dickinson has not thatched his share of the Mill ("ye Milne"); he should forfeit "ye old paine" 3s 4d. There will be a further penalty of 3s 4d if he does not thatch it properly by May Day

Court VERDICT and ORDER, 1688 Sep 10: The thatch of Lynbeck Mill is out of repair, so the tenants responsible for its maintenance forfeit "ye Antient paine" of 3s 4d each (except John Tyson, two at Brant Bake [sic], one at Milkeinsteadmire, John Dickinson & John Jackson, "whose p'ts are Drope free"). There will be further penalties of 3s 4d for anyone who does not make the necessary repairs before Michaelmas day

Court VERDICT, 1688 Sep 10: The thatch of Lynbeck Mill is out of repair, so the tenants responsible for its maintenance forfeit "ye Antient paine" of 3s 4d each (except John Tyson [assumed here to be John Tyson of Cragg], two at Brant Bake [sic], one at Milkeinsteadmire, John Dickinson & John Jackson, "whose p'ts are Drope free").

John Jackson 1
Court VERDICT, 1688 Sep 10: The thatch of Lynbeck Mill is out of repair, so the tenants responsible for its maintenance forfeit "ye Antient paine" of 3s 4d each (except John Tyson, two at Brant Bake [sic], one at Milkeinsteadmire, John Dickinson & John Jackson, "whose p'ts are Drope free"). There will be further penalties of 3s 4d for anyone who does not make the necessary repairs before Michaelmas day

Court VERDICT, 1688 Sep 10: The thatch of Lynbeck Mill is out of repair, so the tenants responsible for its maintenance forfeit "ye Antient paine" of 3s 4d each (except John Tyson, two at Brant Bake [sic], one at Milkeinsteadmire, John Dickinson & John Jackson, "whose p'ts are Drope free"). There will be further penalties of 3s 4d for anyone who does not make the necessary repairs before Michaelmas day

Anne Dixon 1
Court VERDICT, 1688 Sep 10: The thatch of Lynbeck Mill is out of repair, so the tenants responsible for its maintenance forfeit "ye Antient paine" of 3s 4d each (except John Tyson, two at Brant Bake [sic], one at Milkeinsteadmire, John Dickinson & John Jackson, "whose p'ts are Drope free"). There will be further penalties of 3s 4d for anyone who does not make the necessary repairs before Michaelmas day

Edward Wilson 2

vN: verdicts, other building repairs

Anne Dixon 1
Court VERDICT, 1688 Sep 10: Agnes Dixon, widow [assumed to be the widowed Ann Dixon of Milkingstead], has allowed "her Barne authouses" to fall into disrepair; so forfeits "ye old paine" of 6s 8d

William Hartley 2, Janet Hartley 1
Court VERDICT, 1706 Nov 28: The heiress of William Hartley is guilty of allowing her house in this manor to lie in a ruinous state; penalty 3s 4d (affered to 1s 8d)

vR; verdicts, natural Resources

Court VERDICT, 1611 Nov 8: Ric. Brounrigg of Newbigging, for getting spelks at Dalegarth, penalty 6d.

Court VERDICT, 1611 Nov 8: Thomas Dickson of Woodend, for getting spelks at Dalegarth, penalty 6d.

Court VERDICT, 1625 Sep 1: Richard Tyson of Heighe Birker is guilty of cutting (Lat. "succedit") an oak; penalty 3s 4d
The same Richard, for cutting a "crabbe tree"; penalty 3s 4d

Henry Jackson 1
Court VERDICT, 1629 May 16: Henry Jackson is guilty of cutting down a hollin tree; penalty 3s 4d [I have assumed this relates to Jackson's occupation of High Ground tenement 3]

Henry Jackson 2, Henry Wilson 1
Court VERDICT, 1663 Jun 15: Henry Jackson, Robert Wilson, John Dickenson senior, John Dickenson junior, Richard Wilson & Ffrancis Tyson are guilty of getting bracken within the liberty of Henry Wilson & the other tenants of Readbrow, at a place called Loaninge howe & Swinehowe. Penalty 3s 4d

Robert Wilson 4, Isabel Jackson 1
Court VERDICT, 1663 Jun 15: Henry Jackson, Robert Wilson, John Dickenson senior, John Dickenson junior, Richard Wilson & Ffrancis Tyson are guilty of getting bracken within the liberty of Henry Wilson & the other tenants of Readbrow, at a place called Loaninge howe & Swinehowe. Penalty 3s 4d

John Dickinson 2, John Dickinson 3
Court VERDICT, 1663 Jun 15: Henry Jackson, Robert Wilson, John Dickenson senior, John Dickenson junior, Richard Wilson & Ffrancis Tyson are guilty of getting bracken within the liberty of Henry Wilson & the other tenants of Readbrow, at a place called Loaninge howe & Swinehowe. Penalty 3s 4d

Richard Wilson 1, William Jackson 2

Francis Tyson 1

Robert Wilson 5
Court VERDICT, 1665 Sep10: Robert Wilson is guilty of burning ling "out of the fore front of ye ffell being another" [? (page torn)]; penalty 3s 4d (affered to 2s 8d)

Janet Dixon 3
Court VERDICT, 1688 Sep 10: Jenett Dixon [assumed to be connected with Widow Dixon at Milkingstead] & Widow Ffisher are penalised "for not setting their peatmosse"; "ye old paine" of 3s 4d each

Isabel Fisher 1
Court VERDICT, 1688 Sep 10: Jenett Dixon & Widow Ffisher are penalised "for not setting their peatmosse"; "ye old paine" of 3s 4d each

Court VERDICT, 1706 Nov 28: John Hartley [of Birker] is guilty of cutting off the top bough of several young oak trees in the manor "to the great damage of the Timber"; penalty 10d (affered to 8d)

vS: verdicts, Slander

George Wilkinson 1, Henry Wilkinson 1
Court VERDICT, 1609 Oct 27: George Wilkinson is guilty of slander against Henry Wilkinson, calling him "theiffe"; penalty 6s 8d.

Isabel Sharpe 2, William Sharpe 1, wife Hartley 1, Richard Hartley 1
Court VERDICTS, 1609 Oct 27: Richard Hartley's wife is guilty of using illegal words against the wife of William Sharpe, calling her "geld sow"; penalty 6s 8d.
Richard Hartley's wife is also guilty of calling William Sharpe's wife "geld yaed" [a yaed, or jade, was another term for a nag, a worn-out mare]; penalty 6s 8d.

Isabel Sharpe 2, William Sharpe 1, wife Hartley 1, Richard Hartley 1
Court VERDICTS, 1609 Oct 27: William Sharpe's wife is guilty of unlawful words against Richard Hartley's wife, saying that "shee did cast her barnes" [children, not farm storage sheds]; penalty 6s 8d.
William Sharpe's wife is also guilty of slander against Richard Hartley's wife, saying "shee knew not the father of her barnes"; penalty 6s 8d.

Henry Beby 1, wife Wilkinson 1, George Wilkinson 1, William Benson 1
Court VERDICT, 1610 Nov 7: Henrie Beby is guilty of slander against the wife of George Wilkinson, having alleged that she did "lie with" William Benson; penalty 6s 8d.

John Tyson 1, Henry Beby 1
Court VERDICT, 1610 Nov 7: John Tyson is guilty of using unacceptable words against Henrie Beby, having called him "rough"; penalty 6s 8d.

Thomas Procter 1, Henry Wilkinson 1
Court VERDICT, 1610 Nov 7: Thomas Procter is guilty of slander against Henrie Wilkinson, having called him "mean"; penalty 6s 8d

John Wilkinson 1, John Thompson 1
Court VERDICT, 1611 Nov 8: John Wilkinson is guilty of slander against John Thompson, calling him ???? [illegible], penalty 6s 8d.

wife Pearson 1, John Pearson 1, widow Thompson 1, John Thompson 1
Court VERDICT, 1612 Nov 13: The wife of John Peirson is guilty of slander against the widowed wife of John Thompson, calling her "black scrat" [a goblin or demon]

Court VERDICT, 1615 Jul 5:The wife of Thomas Cowpland [location unknown] is guilty of slander against constable Robert Mawson, having said that he "and his companie" broke into her husband's house, and took away any of their master's hay that was there, in their "pocketts" [presumably used here in the old sense of a smallish sack to carry wool etc.]; penalty 6s 8d.

wife Tyson 3, Richard Tyson 1, Edward Nicholson 1
Court VERDICT 1617 Nov 21: Richard Tyson's wife is guilty of slander against Edward Nicholson, calling him "thief" [penalty may be in damaged part of page]

Elizabeth Wilkinson 1, John Wilkinson 1, William Jackson 1
Court VERDICT, 1625 Sep 1: Elizabeth Wilkinson, wife of John [?- page damaged] is guilty of slander against William Jackson, calling him "Roagg"; penalty 6s 8d

Richard Tyson 1, Elizabeth Jackson 1?
Court VERDICT, 1629 May 16: Richard Tyson is guilty of slander against Elizabeth Jackson, calling her a "jade"; penalty 6s 8d

Richard Tyson 1, wife Wilson 2, John Wilson 1
Court VERDICT, 1629 May 16: Richard Tyson of Birker is guilty of slander against the wife of John Willson, calling her a thief; penalty 6s 8d

John Smith 2, John Wilson 1
Court VERDICT, 1664 Jun 30: John Smith is guilty of calling John Wilson "Raskal"; penalty 6s 8d (affered to 3s 4d)

vT: verdicts, Trade

Court VERDICT, 1609 Oct 27: John Tyson is guilty of getting and selling "harrow teeth" contrary to order; penalty 3s 4d.

Court VERDICT, 1706 Nov 28: Robert Viccars [of Birker] has sold his vestures [crops] into another parish in the past two years (20s- and 30s-worth respectively); penalty 1s 8d (affered to 1s)

vV: verdicts, Violence

Edward Nicholson 1, Richard Tyson 1
Court VERDICT 1617 Nov 21: Edward Nicholson is guilty of a blood offence against Richard Tyson; penalty 3s 4d

William Thompson 1, Henry Jackson 1
Court VERDICT, 1629 May 16: William Thompson is guilty of throwing stones at Henry Jackson; penalty 3s 4d

Robert Wilson 4, Thomas Mawson 1
Court VERDICT, 1663 Jun 15: Robert Wilson is guilty of beating Thomas Mawson; penalty 3s 4d

Thomas Mawson 1, Robert Wilson 4
Court VERDICT, 1663 Jun 15: Thomas Mawson is guilty of beating Robert Wilson; penalty 3s 4d

vW: Water / drainage

William Sharpe 1
Court VERDICT, 1609 Oct 27: William Sharpe is guilty of ?setting the water out of its course? contrary to order, penalty 3s 4d.

John Thompson 1
Court VERDICT, 1611 Nov 8: John Thompson is guilty of diverting (Lat. "ponend") the water out of its right course: penalty 3s 4d.

Court VERDICT, 1668 Apr 24: John Dixon has not kept the water in "the ancent Race"; penalty 6s 8d

vX: verdicts, other / mysteries

John Thompson 1
Court VERDICT, 1611 Nov 8:The same John Thompson is guilty of being ?loose [almost illegible] contrary to order, penalty 3s 4d.

Court VERDICT, 1612 Nov 13: [Name lost] punished "pr. illicitt collegeae fune" [? for illegally tying up a rope ?] to the detriment of his neighbours, penalty 6d.

Robert Mawson 1 ?
Court VERDICT, 1612 Nov 13: [page torn: Robert?] Mawson cont. 6d

Court VERDICT, 1612 Nov 13: Richard Tyson cont. 6d.

Court VERDICT, 1612 Nov 13: Thomas Proctor pr. cont. 6d

Thomas Wilson 1
Court VERDICT, 1612 Nov 13: Thomas Willson cont. 6d

William Dickinson 1
Court VERDICT, 1612 Nov 13: Will. Dickinson cont. 6d & John Willson cont. ?? [page torn]

Court VERDICT, 1612 Nov 13: Will. Dickinson cont. 6d & John Willson cont. ?? [page torn]

wife Beby 2, Nicholas Beby 1
Court VERDICT 1617 Nov 21: The wife of Nicholas Beby is guilty of "co..." [illegible abbreviation]; penalty 6d

wife Wilkinson 2; Robert Wilkinson 1
Court VERDICT, 1621 Jul 12: Wife of Robert Wilkinson "pr. cont." penalty 3s 4d

o: court Orders
Court orders, usually relating to failures to meet legal responsibilities

oA: orders, Access rights
Orders relating to rights of way and access to resources

Henry Wilson 1
Court ORDER, 1663 Jun 15: Between May Day and Michaelmas, nobody is to go through any part of Henry Wilson's ground where there is no path; penalty 3s 4d for each default

Court ORDER, 1663 Jun 15: Between May Day and Michaelmas, nobody is to go through Henry Jackson's croft; penalty 3s 4d for each default

Court ORDER, 1665 Sep 10: The jurors of Birker & Eastwaite are ordered to meet at the Ffeild End on Shrove Tuesday to declare and establish everybody's drift way; penalty for default 6d

William Jackson 2, Isabel Jackson 1, Henry Wilson 1
Court ORDER, 1668 Apr 24: The tenants of Readbrow may drive their beasts & sheep between their houses and the Greene Sprange, and leave them there to feed, without let or hinderance by any person (penalty 3s 4d for every default)

Court ORDER, 1680 Dec 7: From now on, any person or persons who make a way from Spring Yeat over the mean dike or wall to Dailgarth Yeat shall forfeit 3s 4d

Bridget Dixon 1
Court ORDER, 1696 Mar 2: Nobody is to fetch water at Bridgett Dixon's well without licence; penalty (payable to the lord) 6d per default

Isaac Stevenson 1
Court ORDER, 1706 Nov 28: The court has marked out a route for Isaac Stephenson from his home at How-How to his sheep heafs at Ufe Cragg, between Black-beck and the said Ufe Cragg

oB: orders, Boundaries / hedges
Orders relating to the maintenance of boundary hedges, walls etc.

Court ORDER, 1610 Nov 7: Every tenant must make up their "head hedge" or ?"menne garth" at ?"Sleap Stone" by St. Andrew's Day, and maintain it (penalty 6d for each default)

Court ORDER, 1619 Feb 26: The jury is to meet on 24 March to check if anybody's hedges are defective; penalty 3s 4d for non-attendance.

Henry Wilson 1
Court ORDER, 1651 Sep 4: James Wilkinson, Henry Willson and John Sharpe are ordered to repair their hedge called aueaue [?= Howhow] Dyke by mid-April, and then keep it in repair; penalty for any of them, 3s 4d for default

James Wilkinson 1
Court ORDER, 1651 Sep 4: James Wilkinson, Henry Willson and John Sharpe are ordered to repair their hedge called aueaue [?= Howhow] Dyke by mid-April, and then keep it in repair; penalty for any of them, 3s 4d for default

Court ORDER, 1651 Sep 4: James Wilkinson, Henry Willson and John Sharpe are ordered to repair their hedge called aueaue [?= Howhow] Dyke by mid-April, and then keep it in repair; penalty for any of them, 3s 4d for default

Henry Hartley 1
Court ORDER, 1663 Jun 15: Nobody is to leave Henry Hartley's fell gate open; penalty 3s 4d for every default

Court ORDER, 1663 Jun 15: The tenants or occupiers of Readbrow are ordered to keep their fell wall in repair, as necessary; penalty 3s 4d for each default

Isabel Jackson 1, William Jackson 2
Court ORDER, 1663 Jun 15: The tenants or occupiers of Readbrow are ordered to keep their fell wall in repair, as necessary; penalty 3s 4d for each default

William Jackson 2, James Wilkinson 1b
Court ORDER, 1664 Jun 30: William Jackson & James Wilkinson are ordered to repair two pieces of stone wall by Michaelmas; penalty for default, 3s 4d a piece

James Wilkinson 1b, Henry Wilson 1
Court ORDER, 1665 Sep 10: James Wilkinson is to make up his part of the wall adjoining Henry Wilson's garden; penalty 3s [?4d- page torn] for default

Court ORDER, 1665 Sep 10: John Wilson snr. is to make up & repair his part of the orchard walls by Candlemas; penalty 3s 4d for default

Court ORDER, 1668 Apr 24: It is ordered that the "meane hedge" is to be made good by mid April; penalty 6d for every default

Edward Dawson 1
Court ORDER, 1671 Nov 28: Edward Dawson is ordered to make sufficient his "head Garden ffence" by 16 May; penalty 6s 8d for default.

Court ORDER, 1671 Nov 28: The tenants of Birker & Austwhaite are ordered to make their "meane ffences" adequately by 15 April; penalty 6d for every default

Edward Wilson 3, Edward Tyson 3, John Wilson 5a, Robert Mawson 2
Court ORDER, 1696 Mar 2: The tenants of Lowground and of Birkerthwaite are ordered (with joint and equal responsibility) to make and hang "a sufficient Gate" between their lands at Eller Steps, before 29 September; penalty 6d 8d for default (payable to the lord)

William Fisher 1, Isabel Fisher 1, John Tyson 8
Court ORDER, 1706 Nov 28: William Fisher & his mother are ordered not to put any goods into that place above the house "w'ch troubleth John Tyson's New Close" until they have made good the boundary hedge there; penalty 3s 4d for default

Edward Wilson 3, William Tyson 1, Robert Mawson 2, Richard Mawson 1
Court ORDER, 1708 Mar 24: The court orders the four tenants of Lowground to repair the Widdowgarth hedge before 15 April; penalty 6s 8d for every one in default

Court ORDER, 1713 Feb 11: William Tyson [here assumed to be William Tyson of Birker] is ordered to repair the fence on the south side of the Long Wall at [page torn] foot of the Mire pant before Michaelmas; penalty for default [page torn]

oG: orders, Game / fishing
Orders relating to game animals & birds, and fishing

Edward Stanley 1
MANOR document (bond), 1605 Oct 18 [in Whitehaven Archive Office ref. D/Stan/3/26]: Bond of Thomas Brocklebanck, husbandman of Woodend, to Edward Stanley Esq. of Daillgarth, 20 marks: Thomas, his household "or anie other person or persons by his or their meanes or to his or their uses" must not from henceforth take, destroy or kill any fish in any stream or river flowing into Dovook Water (either on the south or the north side), by any means, between Holy Rood Day [then defined in the Book of Common Prayer as 3 May, not the modern usage of 14 September] and the feast day of St. Andrew the apostle [30 November]
Thomas makes mark; Witnesses are John Ffisher, Thomas Porter, Joseph Sharpe, ?Henry Singleton [all sign]

Court ORDER, 1611 Nov 8: No Easthwaite tenant is to set any coop to catch fish in any beck in the manor; penalty for default 3s 4d.

Court ORDER, 1671 Nov 28: All partridges, woodcocks & teals taken within the manor are to be brought to the lord, and sold to him at three-halfpence [1.5d] each; penalty 6s 8d for every default- including "any other ffoule sould before it be proferred to ye Lord"

oH: orders, Highways
Orders relating to highway maintenance and obstacle clearance

Court ORDER, 1628 Dec 4: Henry Bibby is ordered to "mend the waye at his owne stones" by 25 March; penalty 3s 4d for default

Court ORDER, 1665 Sep 10: The tenants & occupiers of Brantracke are ordered to lay a bridge over the Beck within ?21 days, and repair the track at the Broade Ffeild foot by Midsummer day; penalty 6s 8d for default

Edward Dawson 1
Court ORDER, 1671 Nov 28: Edward Dawson is ordered to make the way past his own house "sufficient" by 1 May; penalty 3s 4d for default.

Court ORDER, 1671 Nov 28: Henry Hartley is to make sufficient the way across his land by 24 June; penalty 6s 8d for default

Court ORDER, 1680 Dec 7: John Dixon jun. is ordered to make good the way across his land from his field foot along the River Esk by 24 June; penalty 3s 4d for default

Court ORDER, 1680 Dec 7: The tenants & occupiers of Red Brow are to repair & make good the way over their ground between Spring Yeat and Dailgarth Yeat before 1 May; penalty 3s 4d for default

William Jackson 2, Isabel Jackson 1
Court ORDER, 1680 Dec 7: The tenants & occupiers of Red Brow are to repair & make good the way over their ground between Spring Yeat and Dailgarth Yeat before 1 May; penalty 3s 4d for default

Anne Dixon 1
Court ORDER, 1685 Nov 13: Ann Dixon is ordered to make good the way at Kelletcroft side before 15 May; penalty for default 6s [page torn: add 8d?]

oL: orders, Livestock (general)
Orders concerning the movement of livestock

Thomas Wilson (Butterilket)
Court ORDER, 1611 Nov 8: Thomas Willson of ?Bother elket is to put his sheep at the low [page torn: missing "end of"?] Birker into the same soyue [?] he found them at next clipping; penalty for default 6s 8d.

Court ORDER 1617 Nov 21: Austhwaitefield tenants must not put any animals on the pasture in summer that they do not also pasture in winter; penalty 3s 4d

Court ORDER, 1619 Feb 26: Nobody may bring in sheep from elsewhere to the manor pastures in summer that are not also wintered here; penalty 3s 4d

Court ORDER, 1628 Dec 4: Those who take goods onto the common must "voyd them at the Latter Leady day"; [Sep 8] penalty 1s for default

COURT ORDER, 1630 Oct 16: Nobody is to take any cattle onto the common; penalty 3s 4d

William Poole 1
Court ORDER, 1713 Feb 11: William Poole is ordered to drive his sheep to "his owne proper heafe"; penalty for every default [page torn]

oLi: orders, Livestock (injury)
Orders concerning livestock or domestic animals which became a nuisance or danger

Court ORDER, 1612 Nov 13: Richard Tyson is to "putt away his dogg betwixt and the seneight", penalty 6s 8d for default.

oM: orders, Mill repairs
Customary tenants of the Manor were jointly responsible for maintaining the fabric of the corn mill on Linbeck

Court ORDER, 1619 Feb 26: "that the two tenants of Birker shall gett ffower gauge of thacke brackens for Linbeck milln: two stacks at Copthay [?], one of the south syde of peateyate & the other of north & that they do not cutt before latter Lady day."

Elizabeth Wilson 1
Court ORDER, 1668 Apr 24: John Tyson and Elizabeth Wilson [possibly in possession of Brantrake 1 between John and Edward Wilson] are ordered to thatch their shares of the Mill ("ye Milne") by May Day; penalty 3s 4d apiece for default

Court ORDER, 1668 Apr 24: John Tyson & Elizabeth Wilson are ordered to thatch their shares of the Mill ("ye Milne") by May Day; penalty 3s 4d apiece for default

oN: orders: other building repairs
As customary tenants rather than owners, householders could be ordered to carry out repairs on their own buildings

William Thompson 2, Nicholas Dixon 1b
COURT ORDER, 1649 Sep 6: William Thompson is instructed to repair his houses, now in possession of the executors of Nicholas Dixon, before Candlemas; penalty 40s for default

Nicholas Dixon 1b, William Thompson 2
Court ORDER, 1650 Sep 5: The executors of Nicholas Dixon, who have a mortgage of half of William Thompson's tenement, are ordered to repair the houses on their half of the tenement by Candlemas; penalty for default, 40s
William Thompson himself has not obeyed an order made at the last court to repair his houses; penalty 40s

John Smith 2
Court ORDER, 1663 Jun 15: John Smith is ordered to repair his houses and make them habitable by Martinmas; penalty 20s for each default (revised to 10s by the sworn "afferers" )

John Smith 2
Court ORDER, 1664 Jun 30: John Smith is ordered to repair his houses called Marshall houses and make them tenantable before All Saints' Day; penalty for default, 39s 6.5d

Court ORDER, 1671 Nov 28: Edward Wilson is ordered to "make his byer end barres sufficient" by 2 ?February; penalty 3s 4d

oP: orders, Pinfold
As yet, I have not determined the location of Austhwaite's pinfold, where stray animals were penned

Court ORDER, 1663 Jun 15: The hedge lookers are to arrange the repair of the pinfold; cost to be shared by the whole manor, wood for the gate and wolps [?] to be provided by the lord; thereafter the hedge lookers are to be responsible for the pinfold.

oR: orders, natural Resources
Court orders relating to conservation of harvestable natural resources, particularly timber and bracken

Court ORDER, 1612 Nov 13: Those who lack spelks in their own lands ?????? [page torn] tenants grounds by ?"licenc of lo."?

Court ORDER, 1619 Feb 26: Nobody may cut young oaks or other wood in Dalegarth demesne to make spelks; penalty 6s 8d

William Jackson 2, Isabel Jackson 1, Henry Wilson 1
Court ORDER, 1668 Apr 24: From now on, the tenants of Readbrow "or any other to their use" must not mow or cut down any bracken within Tongue Skaile how; penalty 3s 4d for each default

Court ORDER, 1671 Nov 28: Anybody gathering wool, other than their own, is to forfeit 6s 8d for every default

oT: orders, Trade
Court orders for regulation of trade

Edward Woodend (of Birker?)
COURT ORDER, 1631 Jul 27: "Edward Woodend shall bringe no vesters over the water to Sword House": penalty 6s 8d
"likewise wee find that Robert Wilson shall voyde his Tenant theare or otherwise to kipe [?] his nebours harles"-penalty 6s 8d for non-compliance

oW: orders, Water / drainage
Court orders relating to the maintenance of watercourses (both artificial and "natural"

Court ORDER, 1611 Nov 8: John Thompson is ordered to make up the watercourse by St. Andrew's Day- penalty for default 3s 4d.

Court ORDER, 1651 Sep 4: Henry Bibie is ordered to mend the watercourse at Stonepott by Martinmas; penalty 3s 4d for default

Thomas Wilson 3
Court ORDER, 1651 Sep 4: Thomas Willson is ordered to mend the watercourse at Mill Green by Martinmas; penalty 3s 4d for default

Court ORDER, 1665 Sep 10: John Dickinson snr. is to drain the water from the highway into ?"lawlifter" ???? [page torn] within 21 days; penalty 3s 4d for default

Court ORDER, 1665 Sep 10: John Dixon is ordered to mend his "watter brayes" [dikes] by Midsummer Day & return the water to "its ancient raise & course"; penalty 3s 4d for default

Court ORDER, 1665 Sep 10: Nicholas Tyson snr. [assumed here to be an occupier of Brantrake 2] is to "open & dresse"? his ????? or gutter in the Watter Middow by Martinmas day; penalty 3s 4d for default

Isabel Jackson 1
Court ORDER, 1685 Nov 13: The court orders Henry Wilson and Widow Jackson to make good the "ways and wears" between Slape Skar and Spring ????? [page torn] before 15 May; penalty 3s 4d each for default

Court ORDER, 1685 Nov 13: The court orders Henry Wilson and Widow Jackson to make good the "ways and wears" between Slape Skar and Spring ????? [page torn] before 15 May; penalty 3s 4d each for default

Nicholas Nicholson 1
Court ORDER, 1706 Nov 28: Nicholas Nicholson is ordered to make good his weir in the River at the place called Spring, by 2 February; penalty 3s 4d for default

oX: orders, various / mysteries
Court orders which I simply don't understand- HELP!

Robert Wilson 3a
COURT ORDER, 1631 Jul 27: "Edward Woodend shall bringe no vesters over the water to Sword House": penalty 6s 8d
"likewise wee find that Robert Wilson shall voyde his Tenant theare or otherwise to kipe [?] his nebours harles"-penalty 6s 8d for non-compliance

Court ORDER, 1668 Apr 24: It is ordered that ?"nae Rattells" are to be used within this manor; penalty 3s 4d for default. [NB, the word looking like "nae" has been inserted late, in the gap above the line, and is hard to read]

s: civil Suits
Complaints of debt, trespass/damages etc.

sD: lawsuits, Debt
Suits for recovery of debt were relatively common in the Manor court, sometimes with several plaintiffs taking action against the same respondents

William Sharpe 1
Court CIVIL SUIT, 1610 Nov 7: Christopher Vickars of Borrodell complains against Wm. Sharp of Esthweat; that he gave him 2s for his labour [?] and [illegible]

Court CIVIL SUIT, 1610 Nov 7: Henry Beby of Esthweat complains against John Tyson of the same, that ?????? 1 sheep & 1 lamb ???? 8s for ?????

John Beby 1, William Wilson 1
Court CIVIL SUIT, 1610 Nov 7: John Beby attorney for William Purchase complains against Willm. Willson of Birker, that he gave him 20s of ?????? 20s ??

wife Beby 1, John Beby 1
Court CIVIL SUIT, 1610 Nov 7: Samuel Willson of Denerdall [Dunnerdale?] complains against the wife of John Bebie of Birker, that he gave her 13d for half of a ??????? 13d ??

Court CIVIL SUIT, 1628 Dec 4: William Coupland [location unknown] makes a complaint of debt against Henry Bibby; "in pl'i deb'ti 6s iiiid"

Court CIVIL SUIT, 1651 Sep 4: Complaint by Richard Walker (probably of Gatehouse in Eskdale) against Henry Bibie about a debt of 2s; recourse [unspecified- full amount?]

Court CIVIL SUIT, 1651 Sep 4: Complaint by Thomas Willson against William Jackson about a debt of 17s; recourse [unspecified- full amount?]

Thomas Jackson 3, John Dixon 2
Court CIVIL SUIT, 1651 Sep 4: Complaint by William Jackson against Thomas Jackson & John Dixon about a debt of 7s for a tup; recourse 4s 8d

James Wilkinson 1b
Court CIVIL SUIT, 1651 Sep 4: Complaint by William Stanley against James Wilkinson about a debt 12s; recourse [unspecified- full amount?]

John Smith 2
Court CIVIL SUIT, 1665 Sep10: Robert Wilson makes a complaint of debt against John Smith, 27s 6d. Recovers all

Court CIVIL SUIT, 1671 Nov 28: Robert Robinson makes a complaint of debt against John Tyson: 6s 2d; 1s 4d recovered

Court CIVIL SUIT, 1680 Dec 7: Henry Haile makes a complaint of debt against John Dixon: 19s 4d. Recovered

Court CIVIL SUIT, 1680 Dec 7: John Dixon makes a complaint of debt against John Dixon [sic, presumably one is J.D. junior and one J.D. Senior]: 22s 6d. 20s recovered

Court CIVIL SUIT, 1680 Dec 7: Nichol. Nicholson makes a complaint of debt against John Dixon minor: 19s 10d. 15s 10d recovered

Court CIVIL SUIT, 1680 Dec 7: Robert Stevenson makes a complaint of debt against John Dixon: 10s. Recovered

Court CIVIL SUIT, 1680 Dec 7: Will. Vickers makes a complaint of debt against John Dixon senior, administrator of the goods of Edward Wilson: 9s. 4s 8d recovered

Mercy Dawson 1
Court CIVIL SUIT, 1685 Nov 13: Henry Hale makes a complaint of debt against "Misericordiam Dawson" [i.e. Mercy/Marcy Dawson; whom I have assumed to be related to Edward Dawson, formerly of Swordhouse]: 14s 4d. All recovered

Roger Robinson 1
Court CIVIL SUIT, 1610 Nov 7 (not Austhwaite?): Roger Robinson complains against Nicholas Robinson; that he gave him 10s [?] for ????? and ?????

Richard Walker (of Eskdale?)
Court CIVIL SUIT, 1651 Sep 4: Complaint by Richard Walker (probably of Gatehouse in Eskdale) against Henry Bibie about a debt of 2s; recourse [unspecified- full amount?]

Court CIVIL SUIT, 1651 Sep 4: Complaint by William Jackson against Thomas Jackson & John Dixon about a debt of 7s for a tup; recourse 4s 8d

William Stanley 1
Court CIVIL SUIT, 1651 Sep 4: Complaint by William Stanley against James Wilkinson about a debt 12s; recourse [unspecified- full amount?]

Robert Wilson 4
Court CIVIL SUIT, 1663 Jun 15: Robert Wilson makes a complaint of debt against Robert Wilson [sic]; 3s 6d recovered

Robert Wilson 4
Court CIVIL SUIT, 1665 Sep10: Robert Wilson makes a complaint of debt against John Smith, 27s 6d. Recovers all

Henry Haile (Eskdale?)
Court CIVIL SUIT, 1680 Dec 7: Henry Haile [probably of Dawson Ground, Eskdale] makes a complaint of debt against John Dixon: 19s 4d. Recovered

Nicholas Nicholson (Eskdale?)
Court CIVIL SUIT, 1680 Dec 7: Nichol. Nicholson [probably of Gatehouse, Eskdale] makes a complaint of debt against John Dixon minor: 19s 10d. 15s 10d recovered

Robert Stevenson 2
Court CIVIL SUIT, 1680 Dec 7: Robert Stevenson makes a complaint of debt against John Dixon: 10s. Recovered

William Vicars (Eskdale?)
Court CIVIL SUIT, 1680 Dec 7: Will. Vickers [probably of Peel Place, Eskdale] makes a complaint of debt against John Dixon minor: 3s. Recovered

William Vicars (Eskdale?)
Court CIVIL SUIT, 1680 Dec 7: Will. Vickers [probably of Peel Place, Eskdale] makes a complaint of debt against John Dixon senior, administrator of the goods of Edward Wilson: 9s. 4s 8d recovered

Court CIVIL SUIT, 1680 Dec 7: Will. Vickers makes a complaint of debt against John Dixon minor: 3s. Recovered

Henry Hale (Eskdale?)
Court CIVIL SUIT, 1685 Nov 13: Henry Hale makes a complaint of debt against "Misericordiam Dawson" [i.e. Mercy/Marcy Dawson]: 14s 4d. All recovered

sT: lawsuits, Trespass / damages
Although trespassers, famously, can not be prosecuted, any harm done can certainly be the cause of a claim for damages

Court CIVIL SUIT, 1664 Jun 30: Edward Stanley Esq. complains against Robert Wilson for "cepiend Lignu' sua et eandem detinuend ad dampn' " (taking his wood and keeping it, to his damage): 20s. "Recupauit" 3s 4d

Edward Stanley 3
Court CIVIL SUIT, 1664 Jun 30: Edward Stanley Esq. complains against Robert Wilson for "cepiend Lignu' sua et eandem detinuend ad dampn' " (taking his wood and keeping it, to his damage): 20s. "Recupauit" 3s 4d

Isabel Tyson (Birker), Thomas Jackson (Birker?)
Court CIVIL SUIT, 1706 Nov 28: Isabell Tyson makes a complaint of Trespass Upon the Case against Thomas Jackson, 30s to her damage; the court finds that she has recovered it all. Costs 3s 8d precept granted.
Isabell Tyson makes a further complaint of Trespass Upon the Case against Thomas Jackson, 14s to her damage; the court finds that she has recovered it all. Costs 2s 4d precept granted. [This is probably the Thomas Jackson who appears as a Birker tenant in 1706]

t: Transfers of estates
Sales, gifts and inheritances of real estate

tA: Admissions to estates
Admissions of heirs to customary tenancies following the death of the sitting tenant. These were part of the business of Manor courts

John Stanley 1, Edward Stanley 1
COCKERMOUTH COURT OF DIMISSIONS (of the Earl of Northumberland, lord of the manor of Eskdale), 1648 April: John Stanley Esq. Is admitted as tenant of a water mill in Eskdale, previously held by his father Edward Stanley and formerly by Henry and Robert Viccars (rent 8s pa) [i.e Boot Mill]

Thomas Sharp 1, Isabel Sharp 1, Isabel Smith 1, John Smith 2
Court ADMISSION, 1663 Jun 15: Following the death of Thomas Sharp, Isabella Smith (wife of John Smith) is admitted to his tenement in Easthwaitfeild (rent 6s pa + fforrestmeile 17d)

John Dawson 1, Edward Dawson 1
Court ADMISSION, 1665 Sep10: Edward Dawson is son & heir of the late John Dawson to a tenement called [blank] (rent [blank]; fine £3)

William Hartley 2, Janet Hartley 1
Court ADMISSION, 1671 Nov 28: Jannet Hartley is heir of William Hartley to half of a tenement called Gill (rent 2s)

John Dixon 2, Edward Dixon 1
Court ADMISSION, 1685 Nov 13: Edward Dixon is son & heir of the late John Dixon, to a tenement called Milkinstead (rent 8s pa)

Henry Fisher 1, Henry Fisher 2
Court ADMISSION, 1685 Nov 13: Henry Fisher is son & heir of the late Henry Fisher, to a tenement called Ffieldhead (rent 6s pa)

Agnes Thompson 1, Agnes Hartley 1, Robert Hartley 1, William Thompson 3
Court ADMISSION, 1688 Sep 10: Agnes Hartley (wife of Robert Hartley) is daughter & heir of the late Willm. Thompson, to a ten. (rent 7s 10d pa, fforest male 1s 9d [i.e. presumably Windy Gap])

William Hartley 2
Court ADMISSION, 1713 Feb 11: [blank] Hartley is son & heir of the late William Hartley, to a tenement (rent 2s pa) [presumably the former Seedhill, known in later documents as Gill; this unspecified Hartley may be a legal fction]

John Jackson 2, John Jackson 5
Court ADMISSION, 1713 Feb 11: John Jackson is son & heir of John Jackson, to a tenement (rent 3s 4d pa [i.e at High Ground])

John Mawson 2, Robert Mawson 2
Court ADMISSION, 1713 Feb 11: John Mowson is son & heir of Robert Mowson, to a tenement (rent 4s 6d pa [i.e. at Low Ground])

William Wilson 6, William Wilson 8
Out-of-Court ADMISSION, 1716 May 30 [in Whitehaven Archive Office ref. D/Pen/172]: William Wilson admitted as heir of his grandfather William Wilson to a tenement (rent 6s [i.e. Marshall House])

tD: estate Deeds etc.
Sales and gifts of real estate. NB: Some of these transactions also appear in tS: estate Surrenders, at the nearest convenient Manor court session

PROPERTY SALE, 1611 Jul 24 [from catalogue entry Whitehaven Archive Office, ref. D Stan/3/27]: the Crown grants "to William Angell, Justinian Poney, and Robert Angell, of London, gentlemen, a sheepcote or hardwick called Brotherelkeld in Copland, in the occupation of Edward Stanley of Dalegarth, and once part of the lordship of Furness." [This was the transaction by which Brotherilkeld, seized from Furness Abbey at the Dissolution of the Monasteries, returned from Crown ownership to private hands- ultimately to Edward Stanley, for whom the London gentlemen were probably acting as agents]

Edward Stanley 1, Thomas Stanley 1, Anne Stanley 1
ESTATE SALE, 1618/9 Jan 12 [catalogue entry, Whitehaven Archive Office ref. D Stan/2/15]: Sir Richard Hutton, Couldesbroughe, Yorkshire ( justice of the court of Common Pleas), and Dame Agnes Hutton, his wife, to Edward Stanley, of Dalegarth, esquire, and Thomas Stanley, his son and heir (also heir of Edward's late wife Anne, daughter and co-heiress of Thomas Brigg, deceased, of Cawmire, Westmorland, gentleman [Agnes Hutton was her elder sister]), for £500- "the tithes of Crosthwaite, Lieth and Fell-end, in the parish of Heirsam, Westmorland, and messuages and Kendall, Crostwhait Lieth, Heirsam, in Westmorland, Fluckburrow, Cartmell or Cartmell Fell, in the County of Lancashire, and Allerton, and Coleidhow, parish of Leeds in the county of Yorkshire, sometime the inheritance of Thomas Brigge, Cawmire, gentleman, deceased and Thomas Brigge, deceased, his son"

Stanley PURCHASE DEED, 1671 Nov 3 [Whitehaven Archive Office, ref. D/Stan/3/28]: 3 Nov 23 Charles II: Indenture, William Ffletcher Esq. of Moresby Hall to Edward Stanley Esq. of Dailegarth, for $212/5/0: manor or lordship of Birker in the parish of Millam, with rights & appurtenances. Plus messuage/tenement with lands etc. in Birker now or late in the tenure, holding or occupation of John Wilson, paying 18/- rent; also ditto (specifically, in this and most entries, "messuage or tenement with all Lands, meadowes, pastures, ffeedings, Rents, Reversions, services & towneterme") of Thomas Wilson, 4/11 rent; also ditto of Thomas Tyson elder, 4/11 rent; also ditto of Joseph Sharpe, 6/6 rent; also ditto of Edward Wilson, 7/3 rent; ditto of John Tyson, 8/8 rent; also ditto of Edward Tyson, 8/8 rent; also ditto of John Woodend, rent [?5/-]; also ditto of Edward Jackson rent [?5/-]; also ditto of John Inman, rent ? 5/-; also ditto of William Wilson, rent ? 6/6; also ditto of Edward Tyson, 1/- rent; also ditto of John ? Atkins, rent 1/3; also pasture for 12 cows and a bull; several parcels of wood & coppice; "all ye Mines & quarries of Iron, Brasse, tyn, Coale, Lead & stone"; waters, watercourses, fishings, fowlings, hawking, hunting, ways, paths, "ffirs", heaths, moors, marshes & wastes, common, common of pasture, turbary, escheats, reliefs, heriots, fines, amercements, liberties, courts, profits of court leet & view of frankpledge; plus the deeds, writings, court rolls, books of survey etc.
Anno dom. 1671.
Tenants of the manor assented to the change of ownership, 27 Nov 1671. Witnesses: Robert Rawlinson, Darcy Curwen, John Nicholson "Smith", John Wilson, Jo. Sherwen

PURCHASE of rights, 1707/8 Feb 16 [catalogue entry, Whitehaven Archive Office ref. D STAN/3/239]: Edward Stanley Esq. of Dailgarth pays £50 to William Copley, gent. of Gosforth and Robert Copley, his son and heir, for the tolls and customary dues of the fair held at Ravenglass on 28 May yearly, and the market held there on Tuesdays {NB: this was separate from the ancient St. James fair held at Ravenglass in summer by the lords of Egremont].

William Jackson 1, Mary Jackson 1, William Thompson 2
SURRENDER deed, 14 Charles 2 (1662) Sep 9 [Carlisle Archive Office, ref. D/NT/9]: William Jackson, yeoman of Feildhead in Esthwaifeild, Millom parish, for diverse good causes, including a marriage between William Thompson, waller of ?Armentadge in Kirkbie parish, Lancs., and Jackson's daughter Mary Jackson, and the payment of £25 by WT to WJ. With the consent of Edward Stanley Esq. of Dalegarth, sells tenement called Feildhead at Easthwatfeild (annual rent 6s; annual forestmeill 19d) now in possession of WJ, to WT.
Deed is accompanied by bond for WJ to complete the transaction: WJ makes squiggle; Edward Stanley and others sign.

Agnes Tyson 1, Thomas Tyson b
ESTATE SALE, 1681 Mar 8: On 8 Mar 1680 (i.e. 1681 new style) Agnes Tyson surrendered a tenement at High Birker (rent 3s 4d pa [i.e. High Ground]) for her son Thomas Tyson, subject to payments of 20s per year to her for life (by equal portions 25 Jul & 2 Feb)

Henry Dixon 1, Robert Stevenson 1
ESTATE SALE, 1684 May 20: Henry Dixon sold a tenement called Howhow (rent 14s pa) to Robert Stephenson at Manor Court 1685 Nov 13. Surrender transaction dated 20 May 1684, adds 2s 5d fforestmale to rent.

Edward Dawson 1, Henry Wilson 2
ESTATE SALE, 1686 Jan 30: Edward Dawson sold a tenement called Swordhouse (rent 3s pa) to Henry Wilson at Manor Court 1685 Nov 13. Surrender transaction dated 1685/6 Jan 30, adds 6d fforest male to rent.

tS: estate Surrenders
Surrenders of customary tenancies in the Manor court so that they could be re-awarded to somebody else following a sale or gift

Edward Troughton 1, Edward Troughton 2, Henry Morland 1
Court SURRENDER of estate, 1610 Nov 7: Edward Troughton of Easthweatt feild (son & heir of the late Edward T.) surrenders tenement (rent 5s pa) for Henry Morland.

Thomas Tyson 1, Richard Tyson 1
Court SURRENDER, 1612 Nov 13: Thomas Tyson of Esthweat ffeild surrenders a tenement in Esthweat ffeild (rent 6s 8d pa) for his ?son [page damaged] Richard Tyson

Henry Wilkinson 1, Henry Pearson 1
Court SURRENDER, 1615 Jul 5: Henry Wilkinson of Easthweat feild surrenders tenement (rent 3s pa) for Henry Peirson

John Sharpe 1, John Wilson 2
Court SURRENDER, 1615 Jul 5: John Sharpe of Easthweat feild surrenders tenement (rent 6s pa) for John Wilson

Court SURRENDER, 1615 Jul 5: John Tyson of Easthweat feild surrenders tenement ( rent 5s pa) for Henry Morland (but John T. to occupy premises for life)

John Wilson 1, Edward Nicholson 1, Janet Nicholson 1
Court SURRENDER, 1617 Nov 21: John Willson of Birker surrenders a tenement (rent 3s 4d? pa) for Edward Nicholson & wife Jenet. Page damaged, but last line seems to refer to a specific field, "the close wherein the barn sat"

Thomas Jackson 1b, Janet Jackson 1
BIRKBY MANOR COURT- SURRENDER, 1629 May 16: Thomas Jackson of Easthwait Ffeild and his wife Jenet surrender their rights in a tenement at Henenge[Hinning House] (rent 13s 8.75d pa) for Ffrancis Jackson

Richard Tyson 1, Robert Wilson 1
Court SURRENDER, 1629 May 16: Richard Tyson of Birker surrenders a tenement (rent 6s 8d pa) for Robert Wilson of Over Birker

Thomas Nicholson 1, George Nicholson 1
Court SURRENDER, 1629 May 16: William Peirson of Eshdall surrenders a tenement (rent 3s pa) for Thomas Nicholson (son of George Nicholson, who is to occupy the property for life)

Robert Bibby 1, Henry Beby 1
Court SURRENDER, 1630 Oct 16: Robert Bibby surrendered a tenement called Milkingesteadmire (rent 8s pa) for Henry Bibby

Thomas Procter 1, Robert Jackson 1
Court SURRENDER, 1630 Oct 16: Thomas Proctor surrendered a tenement called Lowplace [?= Low Ground] (rent 4s 6d pa) for Robert Jakcsson [?].

James Wilkinson 1, Henry Morland 1
COURT SURRENDER, 1631 Jul 27: James Wilkinson surrenders a tenement called Swordehowse (rent 1s [?] pa) for Henry Morland

John Mawson 1, Thomas Mawson 1
COURT SURRENDER, 1649 Sep 6: Johannes Mawson surrendered a tenement called Lawground (4s 6d pa rent) to the use of Thomas Mawson

Edward Troughton 2b, Henry Wilson 1
Court SURRENDER, 1650 Sep 5: Edward Troughton surrendered a tenement called Redbrow (rent 5s pa) for Henry Wilson. Lord's fee £5

Robert Wilson 3b, Agnes Tyson 1, Francis Tyson 1
Court SURRENDER, 1650 Sep 5: Robert Willson surrendered a tenement called High Birker (rent 3s 4d pa) for Agnes Tyson (wife of Francis Tyson). Lord's fee £3 6s 8d

Thomas Hartley 1, Isabel Hartley 1
Court SURRENDER, 1650 Sep 5: Thomas Hartley surrendered a mill called the Wake Mill (rent 8s pa) for Isabell Hartley. Lord's fee £6

William Jackson 1, William Thompson 2
Court SURRENDER, 1663 Jun 15: Will. Jackson surrenders a tenement at Easthwaite Feild called Feildhead (rent 6s pa+ forrest meile 19d) for Will. Thompson (reserving half of the house to himself for his lifetime)

Nicholas Tyson 1, John Tyson 2
Court SURRENDER, 1668 Apr 24: On 29 Jan (1667 old style), Nicholas Tyson of Cragge surr. ten. called Cragge (rent 6s pa + fforest meale 1s 5d) for John Tyson

Henry Jackson 2?, John Jackson 1, Edward Jackson 2
Court SURRENDER, 1674 Dec 11: Henry Jackson of High Birker surrenders a tenement (rent 3s 4d pa) for his son John Jackson, on condition that John keeps and maintains Henry's eldest son, Edward Jackson, "an Ideot", for life (or pay somebody else 24s per year, each 25 Jul, to keep him- subject to revision if this amount proves inadequate)

Thomas Tyson 6, John Tyson 3
Court SURRENDER, 1674 Dec 11: Thomas Tyson of High Birker surrenders a tenement (rent 3s 4d pa) for John Tyson, on condition that John pays him 40s pa for life and maintains his sheep for life

John Smith 2, Isabel Smith 1, Robert Stevenson, Jacob Stevenson
Court SURRENDER, 1680 Dec 7: On 15 Feb 1674 [i.e. 1675 new style, or is the 4 a mis-copied 9, making 1680 new style?] John Smith & Isabel Smith his wife surrendered a tenement called Marshallhouse (rent 6s pa + 17d fforest meile) for Robert Stevenson & Jacob Stevenson.

John Dixon 2, Henry Dixon 1
Court SURRENDER, 1681 Jun 3: John Dixon surrendered a tenement (rent 14s pa + fforest male 2s 5d) for his son Henry Dixon [in Manor Court record 1685 Nov 13]

Edward Dawson 1, Henry Wilson 2, Emmot Dawson 1
Court SURRENDER, 1685 Nov 13: Edward Dawson sold a tenement called Swordhouse (rent 3s pa) to Henry Wilson. Surrender transaction dated 30 Jan 1685/6, adds 6d fforest male to rent.
Additional surrender, 1685 Nov 13: Emmet Dawson surrendered her widow's estate in Swordhouse to Henry Wilson

Elizabeth Robinson 1, William Pearson 2
Court SURRENDER, 1685 Nov 13: Elizabeth Robinson sold a Woakmilne (yearly rent 8s) to William Pearson

Henry Dixon 1, Robert Stevenson 1, John Dixon 2
Court SURRENDER, 1685 Nov 13: Henry Dixon sold a tenement called Howhow (rent 14s pa) to Robert Stephenson. Surrender transaction dated 20 May 1684, adds 2s 5d fforestmale to rent.
Also gives details of earlier surrender, 3 Jun 1681: John Dixon surrendered a tenement (rent 14s pa + fforest male 2s 5d) for his son Henry Dixon

Agnes Tyson 1, Thomas Tyson b
Court SURRENDER, 1685 Nov 13: On 8 Mar 1680 (i.e. 1681 new style) Agnes Tyson surrendered a tenement at High Birker (rent 3s 4d pa [i.e. High Ground]) for her son Thomas Tyson, subject to payments of 20s per year to her for life (by equal portions 25 Jul & 2 Feb)

Edward Pearson 1, John James 1
Court SURRENDER, 1708 Mar 24: Edward Pearson sold a tenement (rent 6s pa + 1s 5d fforrest male) to John James. [The tenement is not named, but the rent details imply Marshall House]

Edward Wilson 3, Janet Tyson 1, John Tyson 4
Out-of-Court SURRENDER, 1716 May ?30 [in Whitehaven Archive Office ref. D/Pen/172]: Edward Wilson (by attorney John Hartley) surrenders a tenement (rent 4s 6d [i.e. at Low Ground]) for his daughter & heir Jennett wife of John Tyson

w/b/i: Wills and probate
Three linked classes of documents, wills (with probate), inventories of the assets and liabilities of the deceased, and administration bonds (to ensure the proper administration of a deceased person's estate, whether or not a will had been made).

wT: wills / testaments

Henry Dixon 3, Alice Dixon 1, William Dixon 1, Andrew Dixon 1, Margaret Dixon 1
WILL made by Henry Dickson of Easthwaitfeld, 1612 Apr 9: "seeke and soore vexed in bodie". To be buried "in the Sanctuarie of St. Kathern at Eskdale" (all duties there and at Millom church to be paid). To wife Alice, "my iron gurdle, branddreth xxxxxxxxxxx ?longge cresset, the axe, the great cheest" [punctuation inserted by editor] for her life, then to son William Dickson. To godson Nicholas Hartley 12d. After debts are paid, remainder of goods to be divided in 3 parts: first part to wife; second to be further subdivided in 3, of which the first goes to son Willm. Dickson, second to son Andrew Dickson, third to daughter Margaret Dickson. Executor is son Andrew, who gets last third. Further clause re burial. Surveyors of the will are Willm. Sharpp, John Wilkinsone, John Sharpp & Willm. Willson. Witnesses, Willm. Sharpp, John Sharpp, Willm. Singleton (curate).

William Sharpe 1, Isabel Sharpe 2
WILL made by Willm. Sharpp of Easthwatfild (Millom parish), 1614 Jul 7: To be buried in Eskdale church or churchyard. Wife Esabell appointed executrix.

George Nicholson 1, Isabel Nicholson 1, Thomas Nicholson 1b, Elizabeth Nicholson 1
WILL made by George Nicholson of Brantrake, 1631 May 19: to be buried in Eskdale churchyard; gives daughter Elizabeth £3; son Thomas Nycholsone his plough gear (but George's wife has use of this through her widowhood); 2s to the Church. Executor/residue, wife Isabel; supervisors Nycholas Nycholsone, Willm Pearsone, Willm Wilsone, Willm Jacksone.

Nicholas Dixon 1, Isabel Dixon 1, John Dixon 3, Janet Dixon 2, Margaret Dixon 2
WILL made by Nicholas Dixone of Estwaitfeilds in Millom parish, 1633/4 Jan 26: to be buried in Eskdale church yard; gives his young mare to daughter Isabell; great chist standing in the house to son John (John is to pay Nicholas' youngest daughter Genatte 15s); a silver sponye & the chist under the wyndowe to eldest daughter Margrett; a doublet, a pair of breeches and a jerkin to brother-in-law Richarde Braytwhaite; 6d each to every child to whom Nicholas is godfather; 3s 4d to Eskdale Church Stock. If son John Dixsone dies before coming of age and tenement passes to daughter Margret, she is to pay the other daughters Isabell & Genett £5 each within 2 years. The three daughters are executors.
Witnesses: Mr John Stanley, Mr Willm Stanley, Willm Wilsone, Willm Pearsone.

Henry Jackson 3, Anne Jackson 1, Elizabeth Jackson 3, Isabel Jackson 2
WILL made by Henrye Jackson of Estwhait feilde, Millom parish, 1634 Aug 8: to be buried in Eskdale churchyard. Gives John Parker 2s. Executors/residue: 3 daughters Anne Jacksone, Elizabeth Jacksone, Isabell Jacksone. Witnesses Henry Nycholsone, Henry Jacksone, John Parker.

Edward Stanley 1, William Stanley 1, John Stanley 1, Margaret Stanley 1, Anne Stanley 2
WILL made by Edward Stanley of Dalegarth, 1647 May 24: sick in body etc. To be buried in Eskdale church. To son William Stanley: plate, bedding, household stuff "and all such things as I left in his possession at Punsonbie". To his grandchildren, the value of the sheep he has at Brantrake (to be paid them in equal portions by son John Stanley, who is to have the sheep for his own use). To daughter Mrs Margrett Hechstetter, £3 (payable within a year of ES's death). To daughter Mrs Anne Croft, £3 (ditto). Executor & residue: son John Stanley.
Witnesses Mr John Hudlestone, Mr Joseph Hudlestone, Nycholas Wilsone, Willm. Jacksone, John Parker.

John Stanley 1, Edward Stanley 3, Anne Stanley 3, Margaret Stanley 2, Susan Shepheard 1, Margaret Stanley 1, Anne Stanley 2, John Parker 1, William Stanley 1, John Stanley 3, Henry Maudlyn 1
WILL made by John Stanley of Dalegarth, 1651/2 Feb 9: "Sicke and weake in bodye". To be buried in Eshdale Church. Lands, tenements etc. to "my only sonne and heire apparent" Edward Stanley, when he reaches 21 years old. Until then, the profits of the estate (after debts are settled) are to be used for the upbringing of all three children "and for the advance of lyvelyhood and better preferment of my two daughters vizt. Anne and Margrett" each of whom is to have £500 (details given of how this is to be paid). Edward is to give Anne £40 "out of my tenement in Estwhatfeild which I purchased of Henry Maudlyn". £5 bequeathed to nephew John Stanley. £5 to niece Anne Stanley. £5 to niece Anne Hechstetter. 40s to niece Thomazine ?Thwaits. 40s to niece Katherine Hechstetter. £20 to sister Anne Croft. £20 to Susan Shepheard, who is to have, during Edward's minority, "one Chamber in my nowe dwellinge howse at Dalegarth and bedstead and bed with furniture for the same and if shee the said Susan shall live at Dalegarth tis my will that shee have Someridge & Winteridge for one cowe dureinge the nonage of my said sonne. But if shee be minded to travell into the South there to reside any tyme within one yeare next after the date hereof then I doe hereby give and bequeath unto her my white Gelding." To sister Margrett Hechstetter a gold ring with death's head engraved on it, which she in turn is to bequeath to "some true freind who may remember this guift." To Elizabeth Sharpe "one bushell of Bigge". 20s to Jane Kent, to be kept in trust and invested by "two honest nighbours". 10s to Mr John Parker "besides ffyve shillings he oweth me of which I acquitt him." To John Stanley of Croshowse "my stuffe suite And what moneyes it may appeare I owe him opon accompt the some to him to be duely paid And I give him Three pounds six shillings and eight pence more then by that account may appeare to be due in lawe of his moneys beinge in my hands. Appoints as supervisors of his estate "my truely loveinge Brother William Stanley and my truely loveinge Brother in Lawe Joseph Hechstetter"; to be assisted by William Penningon Esq. of Seaton and John ?Irtone of Irtone. All four are to receive 20s "as a token of my love to be imployed in a gould ringe for each of them". Executors & residue, daughters Anne & Margrett. Witnesses: Joseph Hechstetter; John Stanley; John Troughton; Robert Wilsone.

William Stanley 1, John Stanley 3?, Anne Stanley 4, Susan Shepheard 1
WILL made by William Stanley, gent., of Dalegarth, ?1655 Oct 4: "Sick and weake in bodie". To be buried in Eshdale Church. £40 to son John Stanley "to be employed by his Tutors, Guardians and Curators ffor and towards the binding of him as an Apprentice." To Susan Shepard, "my best Graie Mare". To Bridgett Lewthwat, 10s. To Jane Kent, 10s. To Robert Wilson, "one suite of my wearing app'ell." Executors & residue: son John Stanley & daughter Anne Stanley. Appoints Mr Robert Copley of Gosforth, "my Cosen Mr John Hudson of Bowtherbeck", William Thomson of ?Tiornflattes [Thornflatt] & John Sherwen of Gosforth as tutors etc. for John & Anne until they reach 21 years old. Witnesses: Henry Askew (makes mark); John Wilson (makes mark); John Hudson.

Henry Beby 1, Margaret Beby 1, Mabel Beby 1, Agnes Beby 1
WILL made by Henry Beeby of Eastwhaite Field, 1663/4 Mar 10: "sicke in Body but perfect in mind and memory"; to be buried in Eshdaile churchyard. £5 to daughter Margret; 1s to Henry Hartley & his wife; 1s to William Gibson & his wife. Executors: wife Mabell Beeby, daughters Margret & Agnes, & grandchild Bridget Gibson. Debts owed: 40s to Wiliam Gibson & wife. HB makes mark. Witnesses Thomas Pearson, William Sharpe, John Pearson all sign.

William Jackson 2, Isabel Jackson 1, Mercy Jackson 1
WILL made by William Jackson of Redbrowe, 1684 Jun 10: To be buried in Esdall churchyard. £3 to daughter Marcy Jackson; executors/residue- widow Isabell & daughter Marcy. Witnesses Henry Wilson, Henry Hartley (both made + marks) & Edw. Stanley. WJ mark & seal.

Henry Wilson 1, Edward Wilson 4, Henry Wilson 3, Elizabeth Wilson 2, Isabel Wilson 1, Isabel Hartley2, Thomas Wilson 5, Janet Wilson 1, Eleanor Wilson 1
WILL made by Henry Wilson of Redbrow, Millom parish, 1684 Dec 1: "sick in body" etc. Long section re disposition of soul etc. Executrix to choose burial place. Disposition of "such goods, as it hath pleased God to bestow upon me": To son Edward Wilson, 1 iron pot & 1 table; to son Henry Wilson 1 shilling; to daughter Elizabeth ?White 1 shilling; to daughter Isabell Hartley 1 shilling; to son Thomas Wilson 1 shilling; to daughter Jennett Wilson 1 shilling. Executrix is wife Ellianor Wilson. Makes + mark. Witnesses: Edward Stanley, Isabell Jackson (makes mark), Robert Addison.

William Thompson 3, Agnes Thompson 1, Agnes Hartley 1, Richard Hartley 2, Elizabeth Thompson 1, Mary Thompson 1, Eleanor Thompson 1
WILL by William Thompson, yeoman of Austhwaite, 1688 Apr 12: 1s to daughter Annas Hartley & her husband Richard Hartley "in full filliall part and portion ....". Residue to three daughters Elizabeth Maison, Mary Woodd & Ellinor Thompson junior (executrixes)- allowing Ellinor "foure yards and a halfe of Graye Cloth and three quarters of Wooll beside her Executorixshipp".
Witnesses John Thompson [mark], Henry Ffysher [mark], John Nicholson. Testator makes + mark.

John Wilson 5b, Joyce Wilson 1, Joyce Tyson 1, Edward Tyson 2, Dorothy Wilson 1, Dorothy Wilkinson 1, Annot Wilson 1
WILL made by John Wilson of Birker, 1697 Aug 8: To daughter Joyce & her husband Edward Tyson: bond of £6 from William & John Wilkinson, payable 1 year after testator's death; also 10s apiece to their 2 children. 1s each to the children of testator's son-in-law John Wilkinson. £15 & a cow & 10 sheep (5 wedders & 5 ewes)- "of the best"- to testator's wife Anot; also half his household goods, and 20s cash. Residue to daughter Dorothy Wilkinson (executrix). Appoints John Jackson, William Dixon & John Nicholson (to be paid 2s each) to see that will is performed. JJ & JN sign; WD makes W mark, testator signs X.

Robert Stevenson 1, Dorothy Stevenson 1, Abraham Stevenson 1, Thomas Stevenson 1, Robert Stevenson 3, Isaac Stevenson 1, Daniel Stevenson 1, Jacob Stevenson 2
WILL made by Robert Stephenson, yeoman of Howhow in Austhwaite, Millom parish, 1705 Apr 7: £10 & 1/3 of his sheep to wife Dorothy Stephenson. A gun and 1/3 of his sheep to son Abraham S. 1/3 of his sheep to son-in-law William Tubman- but "it is my Will and Mind That the abovesaid Sheep Shall Remaine and be with the Tenant at Howhow abovesd. And goe with him for Thirds." Testator's gold ring to grandson Robert S. (son of testator's son Thomas S.). Bond for three payments of £13 6s 8d from son Isaac S. to be paid as follows: first payment, and £8 of second payment, to son Daniell S.; remainder of second payment (£5 6s 8d) to son Isaac S.; £3 of last payment to son Thomas S.; £5 of last payment to son Jacob S.; remainder of last payment (£5 6s 8d) to son Isaac S. Residue to son Isaac S. (executor). Witnesses Edward Tyson, John Nicholson & John Nicholson junior [all sign]. Testator signs [a bit uneven].

William Wilson 6, Mercy Wilson 1, John Wilson 8, William Wilson b, Nicholas Wilson 1, Mercy Wilson 2, Bridget Wilson 1
WILL made by William Wilson of Marshelhouse in Austhwt., Millom parish, 19 Jun 1711: £20 & her chest & apparel, and "My best Bedstead with Duble ffurnitture and Apparrell" to wife Mercie Wilson. Sheep at Marshelhouse to be divided equally between son John Wilson, son William Wilson, and Mercy Wilson, daughter of testator's son Nicholas Wilson, "only it is my Will and Minde that the said William Wilson shall have ye said Mercy Wilson share of the sheep, for two shillings and six pence apeece." To the four children of testator's late daughter Bridget Collisson, 20s a year, during the lifetime of testator's wife Mercy, to be divided equally (this is the 20s which the children's father William Collison was to pay yearly to the longer-lived of testator & wife, as shown in a bond given to testator). Residue to son Nicholas Wilson and son-in-law John Plaskett, executors.
Witnesses Edward Tyson, Thomas Tyson [mark: T], John Nicholson. Testator makes mark: right-tilted W.

Edward Stanley 3, Dorothy Stanley 2, Dorothy Mosley 1, Richard Stanley 1, Lucy Stanley 1, Thomas Parker 1, Henry Haile 2, William Wilson a, Thomas Browne 1, John Stanley 2
WILL made by Edward Stanley Esq. of Dailgarth, Millom parish, 1714 Nov 21: £20 to daughter Dorothy Moadsley & her husband Robert Moadsley. "One Broad peece of Gold" to son-in-law Mr William Copley. £10 to WC's son Robert Copley "if he be Liveinge and Come for it." £100 to son Richard Stanley, and £50 to his children. £20 (payable within a month of his death) and £200 (within a year) and £10 per year for her life (on 2 Feb annually) to testator's wife Luce Stanley. £100 to the chapel of Eskdale (via testator's feoffees), payable within 12 months of the death of the present curate, Mr Thomas Parker, "to be secured and Lent out"- the interest to be used to "advance the wages" of future ministers there. £40 "unto the poor People of the Chappellry of Eskdale and Birker", to be invested and the interest to be "Devided Amongst the Needfulst poore persons within the said Chappellry .... of Both Sides of Esk Yearly on Easter Day After Evining Service". Feoffees appointed: Sir William Pennington, Bart., of Muncaster Hall; Joseph Pennington Esq.; John Ponsonby Esq.; Mr John Muncaster, attorney at law; John Nicholson of Randalhow. Bequests: 40s to Henry Haile senior; £3 to testator's servant William Wilson; 20s to Thomas Browne if he is testator's servant when testator dies. 20s each to all testator's other servants serving when he dies. Residue to son John Stanley (executor). Gives 2 broad pieces of gold each to Sir Wm. and Joseph Pennington, 1 each to other feoffees. Witnesses John Nicholson, Henry Haile, William Troughton, John Nicholson junior. ES signs [elegantly].

wB: will Beneficiaries
Local beneficiaries of inheritances from people outside Austhwaite

Isabel Stanley 4
WILL,1674 Oct 23 [catalogue entry from Whitehaven Archive Office, ref. D Cu/1/83]: Original will of Bridget Curwen of Sellowparke gentlewoman. Bequests to members of the Stanley family, to Barbara, Mary, and Thomas Curwen, and to servants. Executor Darcy Curwen.

iD: Inventories at Death
The height of the icon for each inventory is proportional to the total valuation of the movable assets (including money due; but a dark pink upper portion of the icon indicates the amount of money owed, with a bright red bottom line indicating debts greater than movable assets). Please note that totals given in the inventory details are taken from the original documents, and do not always match the sum of the amounts listed. NB: Full inventory details will eventually be made available in a spreadsheet to accompany this presentation.

Henry Dixon 3
INVENTORY, goods of Henrie Dickson of Easthwaitfild, 1612/3 Mar 17: by Wm. Sharpp, John Wilkinson, Thomas Jackson & Willm. Wilson. 19 "ould sheepp" (4s each) £3 16s; 3 ?hogs [i.e. young sheep] (3s 4d each) 10s; a cow 25s; "ould cheeste & arkes & all other implements in the howse" 14s; "panes" [pans?] 6s. Total £6 ?11s.
"Debte taken out" [no details].

John Tyson 1, Margaret Stanley 1?
INVENTORY, goods of John Tyson of Easthwaitfeld, 1623 Nov 9: by William Willson smith, Nicholas Nicholson & Edward Nicholson: 18 ould sheepp [3s each] & 9 hoges [2s each] £3 12s; three beasts and half a beast & the vestures £3; three ould chists and one ould Ark xxxxx 6s; apparell three sheets 11s; Iron geare 3s; pewder and brasse 6s; wood vessell & implements in the howse 2s. Total £8.
Debts he owes: Richard Thompson wife 20s; Richard Tubman wife 10s; Edward Willson 20d; Nicholas Dickson 20d; Edward Willson & Robert his brother of Dawsonplace 4d; Edward Trowghton 6d; Maistris Margaret Stanley [blank]; Thomas Jackson 6d; Willm Hartley 3d; the land lord for farm 2s 6d; the curat for his wages 2d; Thomas Tyson wife 4d; Nicholas Harbart 7d; Hugh Skelding 3d. Total 37s.

George Nicholson 1
INVENTORY, goods of George Nicholson of Brantrake, 1631 Jun 2: by Willm Pearsone, Nycho. Nycholsone, Willm Wilsone, Nycholas Dixsone: [spellings as original] Cattel & a mare £5 6s 8d; Sheepe £14; Pannes & Pewter 12s; Wooden vessell 8s; Chists, Boordes & other woode 13s; Bees 6s 8d; Bedding Apparell & other things 32s; Iron geare 5s; Seede 2s; Sackes & Pookes 2s. Total £23 16s 4d.
Debts he owes: Robt Wasdale 20s; Edw. Wells 19s 7d; Willm Towersone 5s; Nycho. Huntter 3s 9d; Jo. Williamsone 7s 6d; Chri. Moore 2s 8s [i.e. 2s 8d?]; Willm Pearsone 12d; Tho. Pearsone 10d; Tho. Jacksone's wife 2s 6d; Mathew Hartley's wife 12d; Jo. Vicars 2s 6d; Hen. Nycholsone 3s; Nycho. Nycholsone 21d; Hen. Nycholsone 12d; the Church Stock 6s 8d; daughter Eliz. £6. Total £9 18s 9d.
Debts owed to him: Hen. Jacksone 3s.

Nicholas Dixon 1
INVENTORY, goods of Nicholas Dixon, 1633/4 Mar 4: by Willm. Wilsone, Thomas Tysone, Henry Nycholsone, John Hartley: [spellings as original] Cattell £11; young mare 40s; horse £3; 95 thirde sheep at 4s each £19; 38 more sheep £8 5s 4d; pottes panns & pewter 48s; beddinge & apparell £3 2s; chysts, sadles & woodden vessell 27s; iron geare 9s; bees & other things 35s; money 5s; fflesh 2s 4d.
Debts owed to him: Tho. Wilsone younger of Linbecke 20s; John Jacksone of Cragge 30s; Willm Wilsone £13; Willm Tomsone £10 6s 4d; Henry Jacksone 14s 4d; "Willm Jacksone his sonne" 10s; Thomas Tysone 58s; Tho Jacksone "my father in lawe" 20s; "his wyffe my mother in lawe" 40s; wife of John Xr'ofersone 14s 4d; Willm Pearsone of Birker 20s; Robert Wilsone of Birker £5; John Tysone of Woodende £3; Rowland Wilsone 18s; Nycholas Tysone of Hollings 18s 4d; Richarde Hartley 8s 2d; Tho Tysone 20s; Willm Pearsone of Hollowstones 40s; wife of Nycholas Diconsone 50s; Mathew Harteley 20s; Hen Nycholsone "my Brother in lawe" £5 15s; Hen Beeby of Gosforth 20s; John Wells 44s 8d; John Dixsone "my brother" 29s 4d; John Dixsone of Crooke 26s 8d; wife of Joseph Sharpe 10s "wch. lyeth upon the seat in ye Church"; James Wilkinsone 10s. Total £55 1s 10d

INVENTORY, goods of Henry Jackson, 1634 Sep 8: by Nycholas Nycholsone, Willm Wilsone, Henry Hartley & Henry Nycholsone. Sheepe £5 13s; bedding, apparell & woole 29s; iron geare 6s; chists "& otheir wooden vessell" 28s; pannes & pewter 11s; yarne 2s; a silver sponye [or sponge?] 5s; corne & haye 30s; cattell £4 19s 4d. Total £16 3s 4d.
Debts owing to him: John Hobkine [?] 5s.
Debts he owes: Elizabeth Jacksone 40s; Isabell Jackesone 40s; Jenett Dixsone 13s 4d; Chr. Tysone 10s; Tho. Keech [?] 8s; Hen. Jacksone 8s 4d; Willm. Jacksone 4s; Tho. Dawsone 12d; Agnes Hartley 12d; Jenett Jackesone 3s 4d.

Henry Brocklebank 1
INVENTORY, goods of Henry Brocklebank of Dalegarth, 1634/5 Jan 6: by John Carter [?], Robert Wilsone, William Tysone & Robert Wilsone: [spellings as original] A Heffer 20s; Sheepe 36s; Apparell 5s; Silver XXXX [illegible] 3s; Woolen cloth 5s; Woole 12d.
Debts owing to him: Willm. Tysone £5; same for woole 7s 9d; Mr John Stanley £3; Elizabeth Nichlson 12d; John Brocklebanke his brother 13s 3d [?]; John Brocklebanke younger £4; John Tysone 20s. Total £14 16s

INVENTORY of goods of Henery Byby of Estatffeild in Birkar, 1664 Apr 8: by Thomas Pearson, William Sharpe, William Moore sen. & John Robinson: "Old sheepe ffive & twenty & a Halfe at 5s a peece" £6 7s 6d; "Hogs- 6 & a Halfe at iiis iiiid a peece" £1 1s 8d; 6 beasts £9; Seed & arder 10s; "Big oates & Beanes" £1 9s 3d; 3 chests & 2 pair of bedstocks £1 8s 6d; Bedding 3s; "Pookes & Sackes" 4s; Wool 13s; Wood vessel 8s; Pewter & brass 12s 4d; "Sadle with other od Implements" 13s 4d; ?"A mare to Hariold" £2 6s 8d [i.e. intended to be offered for the "heriot" which was traditionally demanded by the Lord of the Manor from the heir of a tenant; their "best beast"]. Total £25 2s 3d.

Francis Tyson 1
INVENTORY of goods of Francis Tyson of Birker, 22 Feb 1671/2: by William Tyson, Thomas Tyson, Jo. Wilson & Tho. Mosan: Beasts & a mare £9 10s 0d; Sheep £5; Corn & hay 13s 4d; Brass & pewter 11s ?d; Wooden vessel 8s; Chests £1; Wheels & bedstocks 2s; Iron gear 9s; Stools & table 5s; Apparel 14s; "Beding poakes and Sackes" 6s; "Girdle & Kerset" 2s 6d. Total £19 0s 10d
Debts owed by him: Widow Tyson £3 3s 6d; Wm. Udall £1 18s 0d; Ellin Browne £1; Hen. Ffisher £1; Will. Tyson £1 5s 0d; Marsey Booth 10s; Issabell Tysone 10s; Tho. Tyson 7s 6d; Rob. Steuenson 6s 8d; Tho. Tyson 3s; "To John his brother" 1s 1d; Rich. Wilson 1s 4d; Hen. ?? 2s 6d; Jo.Tyson 2s; Hen. Diconson 6d; Funeral expenses £1 10s 0d. Total £12 1s 1d.

Henry Fisher 1
INVENTORY, goods of Henry Fisher of Esthwaitfeild, 1682 Sep ?20: by John Dixon, Henry Hartley, Edward Wilson & John Thompson: Apparel 2s; Brass & pewter 3s; Iron pot 2s; Wooden vessel 4s; Earthen pot 8s; Iron gear 3s; "Bedd chists and one Arke" 5s; "Tabell fformes and stooles with other things" 6s 8d; Wool 13s; ?[illegible ?"Seiue and Temns"] 1s; Hay & corn £3; 1 gelding, 1 cow & half a heifer £3; Another half heifer 8s; Sheep £1 4s 0d; Hemp 4d.
Debts owed to Henry by: Mrs Irton £3; William Moore £3.
Debts owed by Henry to: Thomas Tyson £2 18s 0d; Henry Caddy £3 3s 6d; John Winder £3 15s 0d; Margrett Troughton £2 2s 4d; Henry Wilson 15s 6d; Edward Wilson 10s; An Wilson £1 9s 5d; Francis Ffrears 8s 3d; William Benson 2s 9d; Richard Singleton 1s 4d; Henry Haille 7s 8d; Henry Haille ["To the same"] ?6s 6d; Christopher Hodgskin 1s 6d; Christopher Hodgskin ["To the same"] 2s 3d; Joseph Sharpe 1s 6d; Thomas Singleton 8s; Edward Wilson 1s 4d; Edward Wilson 1s 7d; William Thompson 4s; William Thompson ["To the same"] 1s 10d; Henry Hartley 1s 6d; John Dixon 1s 1d; Funeral expenses £1; John Powell 1s 10d. Total £16 19s 11d

INVENTORY of goods of William Jackson of Readbrow, 1684 Jun 15: by Henry Hartley, William Thompson, William Wilson, Edward Wilson. Apparel £1 10s 0d; Bedding 4s; Brass & pewter £1; Iron gear 6s; Wooden vessel 8s; "Weauers Loames with other Gear" 15s; Chests 8s; "Corne and a Strow Bing" 7s; "Seed and Arder" £1; Husbandry gear 6s 8d; "A part of a Hive of Bees" 3s; A pig 2s 6d; "2 Kine two Heffers and 2 Calves" £6 10s 0d; Sheep £4; "A meare" £2.
Debts owed by him: William Sharpe £1 10s 0d; Henry Haille 5s 6d; Nickholas Nickholson 1s 6d; Marcy Troughton 1s 6d; Henry Nickholson 8d; John Dickinson 3d; John Tyson 4d; Robert Mooson 2d; Funeral expenses £1 6s 8d; Henry Jackson ?£6. Total £9 4s 1d

INVENTORY of goods of late Henry Wilson of Readbrow, Millom parish, 1685/6 Jan 18: by Thomas Hartley, Joh Dickenson, John Jackson & Edward Wilson. Apparell 16s; bedding 10s; Bedstocks "with other things" 3s; wooden vessel 6s 8d; brass, pewter & earthenware vessels 10s; chests, table & forms 7s; iron gear "with other things" 6s; "Sackes wooll and yarn" 10s; oats thrashed 11s; hay & corn £2; a mare "with her furniter" 10s; sheep £2 5s; "Two kine and two heffers" £3 15s. Total £12 10s 0d [sic].
Debts he owes: Mr Stanley £3; Nicholas Poolle £1; Margrett Troughton £1 10s; Edward Wilson 19s 6d; ?Joan Wilson 18s; Tho. Hartley 7s; Edward Woodend 1s; Henry Haill 3d; Tho. Mooson 9d; funeral expenses £1. Total £13 16s 6d.
Debts owed to him: Thomas Troughton 10s.

INVENTORY, goods of William Thompson, yeoman of Easthait feild, 1688 Jul 27: by Henry Hartley, Thomas Marshall, William Wilson, Joseph Haille: Apparel 10s; Brass & pewter 15s; Iron pot & other iron gear 4s; Wooden vessel "with other things" 2s; "Tabell and fframe & formes" 3s; Bedstead 1s 6d; Chests 5s; [illegible- bedding?] 6s; "Wood with other things" 2s; Wool 4s; a cow £1 5s; a mare 13s; Sheep £4 7s 0d; Meadow 10s; Corn 15s; "roats" 1s 6d. Total £ 14 16s 0d.
Debts owed to him: William Wilson £4 12s 0d.
Debts he owes: John Jackson 4s; Henry Caddy 12s; Edward Tyson 1s 8d; Forrest money 1s 9d; Henry Haille 9s 5.5d; funeral expenses 10s; Will. Wilson 10d; "Joye Sam" 1d; Mr Stanley 6d; Will. Pearso. 2.5d; Nickholas Poow 1s 1d; Robert Mooson 7d; Joseph Sharp 1s 3d; Will. Wood 15s; Henry Haille 11s.

John Wilson 5b
INVENTORY, goods of John Wilson of Birker, 26 Aug 1697: by John Nicholson, Robert Stephenson, John Jackson, Edward Wilson: Apparel £1 10s 0d; Brass & pewter 13s 4d; Earthen vessel 1s; Wooden vessel 13s 4d; Iron pot & other iron gear 15s 6d; Spinning wheel & cards 1s 6d; Bedding & bedsteads 13s; "Chists & one arke" 15s 6d; "Woolle and yearn" £3; "Bing and uisketts" 2s; "Tabell Boards and Loose wood" £1 10s 0d; Plough, harrow & "other things" 3s; Stools & cushions 2s 6d; "Prouission in the House" 5s; "Beastes and one meare" £6 5s 0d; Sheep- young & old £9 10s 0d; Hay & corn £3; "Poakes and Sackes" 6s [or £6 6s]; "one Booke" 1s. [Total £28 ?11s 8d]
Debt he owes? [no heading]: Nickholas Pert 1s 5d [? no units].
Debts owed to him: Issabell Tyson £9; Johon Woodend £3; Edward Tyson £1; Tho. Jackson £2; William Woodend £4; John Moson £1; Joh. Tyson £1 10s; Tho. Wilson £1; Tho. Dixon 10s; Willia. & John Wilkinso. £16.

Robert Stevenson 1
INVENTORY, goods of Robert Stephenson yeoman of Austhwait, 1705 May 17: by John Nicholson, John Jackson, Edward Tyson & Abraham Stephenson. Apparel & gold ring £2; Brass & pewter 10s 6d; Iron pots 10s; Wooden vessel 7s; Earthen pots 2s; Bedding & bedsteads £1 17s 6d; "Iron and Iron Geare" 19s 6d; "Chists with some other thinges" 11s; Sacks & pokes 4s 6d; Table chairs & forms 6s 8d; "Holts Wheel and Cards" 2s; Barley & oats 17s; Cattle £10; Sheep £15; "Seed and Arder" £1 18s 0d; Loose wood 3s 4d; Bees 6s 8d; Books 4s 4d; "Wooll and yarn and Ahors" [a horse?] £11 6s 0d;
Debts owed to testator £44 6s 8d.
Total £81 12s 8d.

INVENTORY of goods of Henry Fisher of Austhwaite, 1705/6 Mar 23: by John Tyson, Edward Tyson, John Garner & William Fisher: Apparel £1 16s 0d; "Wheelle form and dishboard" 7s; Cattle £2 15s 0d; Horse & saddle £1 5s 0d; 20 hogg sheep at 2s 6d each; 40 old sheep at 3s 6d each. Total £15 0s 2d [?] Debts owed by Henry to: William Tyson £2 17s 6d; Roger Thompson £1 1s 0d; John Dixon £1 13s 0d; Isabell Tyson £1 1s 0d; John Tyson 8s 2d; William Singelton 17s 6d; Henry Troughton £1 8s 0d; Allice Fisher £4; Yeals [?] Fisher £4 5s 0d; Leah Satherthait 9s 9d; Richard Jackson 7s 5d; Dorrathy Jackson £1 12s 6d; John Tyson 3s; Mr John Stanley 3s 4d; John Parke 6s; Anthony Smith 2s; tithe 6s 6d; Edward Wilson £1 11s 0d. Total £26 2s 3d.

INVENTORY, goods of John Jackson, yeoman of Birker, 27 Sep 1710: by John Nicholson, John Tyson, Thomas Tyson & William Tyson: Apparel £1 2s 6d; Brass & pewter 13s 4d; Wooden vessel 6s 8d; Earthen pots 1s 2d; Iron potts & other iron gear 10s 6d; Bedsteads & bedding £1 1s 6d; Chests & loose wood 7s; Wheel & cards 1s 8d; Table & forms 2s 6d; Wool & yarn 9s 6d; Sacks & poaks 1s 2d; Books 3s; Plow & harrow 1s; Ladder & ropes 9d; Cattle £5 9s 0d; Old horse & saddle 10s 6d; Sheep £6 6s 2d; "Cropp" £1 10s 0d. Total £18 17s 11d.
Debts owed by him: Funeral expenses £1 15s 0d; John Tyson £10 4s 6d; Poor stock £3; Edward Tyson £1; Jane Dixon £1; Anthony Gunson £1; Edward Jackson £1 10s 0d; John Smith £1; Thomas Tyson £1; "Hamlett Money" 5s. Total £21 14s 6d.

Edward Tyson 2a
INVENTORY of goods of Edward Tyson of Austhwaite, 1713/4 Jan 21: by John Nicholson, Thomas Tyson, Edward Tyson & Nicholas Nicholson: Apparel £1; Brass & pewter 13s 4d; Wooden vessel 9s; bedding 8s; Chists and bedsteads 8s; Wool 8s; Iron gear 4s 6d; Saddle & husbandry gear 1s 6d; Hay & corn £1; A cow £2; Sheep £4; A "litle meare" 5s; Table & stools 2s; Provision in the house 9d; Sacks 1s 6d;
Debt owed to him by Anth. Dickinson £1.
Debts owed by him: Joseph Sharpe £8 3s 0d; Thos. Hartley £2 2s 0d; Thos. Tyson £1 1s 0d; Jo. Pape £1 1s 0d; Jo. Smith 12s; Funeral expenses £1 10s 0d.

William Wilson 6
INVENTORY of goods of Wiliam Wilson of Marshell-house, Austhw'te, Millom parish, 1716 Apr 14: by John Willson, Thomas Jackson, Thomas Tyson & Edward Vicars:"His Apparrell, Purse & Rideing Geer" £10; Brass & pewter 12s; Wooden vessel 8s 6d; Bedding & bedsteads 10s; Iron gear 13s 4d; Chests 12s 4d; Tables, forms & chairs 5s; Earthen pots 6d; "Boards & Gisles" 16s; Hay & corn £2 6s 0d; Beasts £4 5s 0d; Sheep 12s; Husbandry gear 3s 4d; Bees 6s 8d; Wool 12s; Sacks & pokes 5s; Wheel & cards 2s;
Money owed to him £27 [no details]. Total £60 17s 8d.

Bees in inventories
Just for fun, a special icon to indicate where Bees are listed in inventories of people's assets

INVENTORY, goods of George Nicholson of Brantrake, 1631 Jun 2 includes Bees (6s 8d)

INVENTORY, goods of Nicholas Dixon, 1633/4 Mar 4 includes bees (not separately valued)

INVENTORY, goods of William Jackson, 1684 Jun 15 includes bees (part hive, 3s)

INVENTORY, goods of Robert Stephenson yeoman of Austhwait, 1705 May 17 includes Bees (6s 8d)

INVENTORY of goods of Wiliam Wilson of Marshell-house, Austhw'te, Millom parish, 1716 Apr 14 includes Bees (6s 8d)

wP: wills, Probate

Henry Dixon 1, Andrew Dixon 1
PROBATE and ADMINISTRATION BOND re Henry Dickson of Eskdale, 1612/3 Mar 17 [see WILL 1612 Apr 9]: Andrew Dickson, natural son & executor of Henry Dixon (with Richard Hartley of Eskdale) bound in £12 to administer the estate.

William Sharpe 1, Isabel Sharpe 2
PROBATE: will of Willm. Sharpe of Eastatfeild, 1619 Aug 13: To be buried in Eskdale church or churchyard. Wife Esabell appointed executrix.

George Nicholson 1, Isabel Nicholson 1, Thomas Nicholson 2, Elizabeth Nicholson 1
PROBATE: will of George Nicholson of Brantrake in Esthwait (Millom parish), 1631 May 31
ADMINISTRATION BOND, same date: Thomas Johnson [now husband of testator's executrix- needs checking, as the marriage of Isabell Nicholson and Thomas Towersonn appears in the Eskdale parish register, 1632 Apr 17] & executrix Isabella Nickolson, with Nicholas Nicholson of Eshdaill, bound in £50.

Nicholas Dixon 1, Janet Dixon 1, Janet Dixon 2, John Dixon 3, Margaret Dixon 1, Isabel Dixon 1
PROBATE, will of Nicholas Dixone of Estwaitfeilds in Millom parish, 1634 Jul 17: to be buried in Eskdale church yard; gives his young mare to daughter Isabell; great chist standing in the house to son John (John is to pay Nicholas' youngest daughter Genatte 15s); a silver sponye & the chist under the wyndowe to eldest daughter Margrett; a doublet, a pair of breeches and a jerkin to brother-in-law Richarde Braytwhaite; 6d each to every child to whom Nicholas is godfather; 3s 4d to Eskdale Church Stock. If son John Dixsone dies before coming of age and tenement passes to daughter Margret, she is to pay the other daughters Isabell & Genett £5 each within 2 years. The three daughters are executors.
ADMINISTRATION BOND: widow Janett Dixon (with Thomas Jackson & William Wilson, also of Eastwhaitfield) bound in ?£214 to administer estate and be guardian of Nicholas' daughters Margarett, Isabell & Janett. [Note that the terms of this bond and subsequent documents relating to the executors of Nicholas Dixon (indexed as Nicholas Dixon 1b) indicate that John Dixon 3 must have died about the same time as his father; a lack of burial entries in the Eskdale parish register for 1634 makes it impossible to give details]

Henry Jackson 3, Anne Jackson 1, Elizabeth Jackson 1, Isabel Jackson 1
PROBATE, will of Henrye Jackson of Estwhait feilde, Millom parish, 1634 Dec 9: to be buried in Eskdale churchyard. Gives John Parker 2s. Executors/residue: 3 daughters Anne Jacksone, Elizabeth Jacksone, Isabell Jacksone. Witnesses Henry Nycholsone, Henry Jacksone, John Parker.
ADMINISTRATION BOND: Anne, Elizabeth & Isabell Jackson bound in £32 to administer the estate.

Edward Stanley 1, William Stanley 1, John Stanley 1, Margaret Stanley 1, Anne Stanley 2
PROBATE of will of Edward Stanley of Dalegarth, 1647/8 Jan 14: To be buried in Eskdale church. To son William Stanley: plate, bedding, household stuff"and all such things as I left in his possession at Punsonbie". To his grandchildren, the value of the sheep he has at Brantrake (to be paid them in equal portions by son John Stanley, who is to have the sheep for his own use). To daughter Mrs Margrett Hechstetter, £3 (payable within a year of ES's death). To daughter Mrs Anne Croft, £3 (ditto). Executor & residue: son John Stanley. Witnesses Mr John Hudlestone, Mr Joseph Hudlestone, Nycholas Wilsone, Willm. Jacksone, John Parker.
ADMINISTRATION BOND: John Stanley Esq. & William Stanley, both of Dalegarth, bound in £260 to administer the estate. Both sign and seal: John elegantly, William a little roughly.

John Stanley 1, Edward Stanley 3, Anne Stanley 3, Margaret Stanley 2, Susan Shepheard 1, Margaret Stanley 1, Anne Stanley 2, John Parker 1, William Stanley 1
PROBATE (Prerogative Court of Canterbury) of will of John Stanley of Dalegarth, 1652 May 11: To be buried in Eshdale Church. Lands, tenements etc. to "my only sonne and heire apparent" Edward Stanley, when he reaches 21 years old. Until then, the profits of the estate (after debts are settled) are to be used for the upbringing of all three children "and for the advance of lyvelyhood and better preferment of my two daughters vizt. Anne and Margrett" each of whom is to have £500 (details given of how this is to be paid). Edward is to give Anne £40 "out of my tenement in Estwhatfeild which I purchased of Henry Maudlyn". £5 bequeathed to nephew John Stanley. £5 to niece Anne Stanley. £5 to niece Anne Hechstetter. 40s to niece Thomazine ?Thwaits. 40s to niece Katherine Hechstetter. £20 to sister Anne Croft. £20 to Susan Shepheard, who is to have, during Edward's minority, "one Chamber in my nowe dwellinge howse at Dalegarth and bedstead and bed with furniture for the same and if shee the said Susan shall live at Dalegarth tis my will that shee have Someridge & Winteridge for one cowe dureinge the nonage of my said sonne. But if shee be minded to travell into the South there to reside any tyme within one yeare next after the date hereof then I doe hereby give and bequeath unto her my white Gelding." To sister Margrett Hechstetter a gold ring with death's head engraved on it, which she in turn is to bequeath to "some true freind who may remember this guift." To Elizabeth Sharpe "one bushell of Bigge". 20s to Jane Kent, to be kept in trust and invested by "two honest nighbours". 10s to Mr John Parker "besides ffyve shillings he oweth me of which I acquitt him." To John Stanley of Croshowse "my stuffe suite And what moneyes it may appeare I owe him opon accompt the some to him to be duely paid And I give him Three pounds six shillings and eight pence more then by that account may appeare to be due in lawe of his moneys beinge in my hands. Appoints as supervisors of his estate "my truely loveinge Brother William Stanley and my truely loveinge Brother in Lawe Joseph Hechstetter"; to be assisted by William Penningon Esq. of Seaton and John ?Irtone of Irtone. All four are to received 20s "as a token of my love to be imployed in a gould ringe for each of them". Executors & residue, daughters Anne & Margrett. Witnesses: Joseph Hechstetter; John Stanley; John Troughton; Robert Wilsone.
ADMINISTRATION: William Stanley & Joseph Hechstetter appointed as administrators on behalf of Anne & Margarett Stanley.

William Stanley 1, John Stanley 3, Anne Stanley 4, Susan Shepheard 1
PROBATE (Prerogative Court of Canterbury) of will of William Stanley, gent., of Dalegarth, 1656 Mar 12 "English style": To be buried in Eshdale Church. £40 to son John Stanley "to be employed by his Tutors, Guardians and Curators ffor and towards the binding of him as an Apprentice." To Susan Shepard, "my best Graie Mare". To Bridgett Lewthwat, 10s. To Jane Kent, 10s. To Robert Wilson, "one suite of my wearing app'ell." Executors & residue: son John Stanley & daughter Anne Stanley. Appoints Mr Robert Copley of Gosforth, "my Cosen Mr John Hudson of Bowtherbeck", William Thomson of ?Tiornflattes & John Sherwen of Gosforth as tutors etc. for John & Anne until they reach 21 years old. Witnesses: Henry Askew (makes mark); John Wilson (makes mark); John Hudson.
ADMINISTRATION: Robert Copley, John Hudson, William Thompson & John Sherman [sic] to administer the estate and serve as guardians etc. to the children.

Henry Beby 1, Margaret Beby 1, Mabel Beby 1, Agnes Beby 1
PROBATE of will of Henry Beeby of Eastthwaytfeild in Millam parish, 1664 May 14: to be buried in Eshdaile churchyard. £5 to daughter Margret; 1s to Henry Hartley & his wife; 1s to William Gibson & his wife. Executors: wife Mabell Beeby, daughters Margret & Agnes, & grandchild Bridget Gibson. Debts owed: 40s to Wiliam Gibson & wife. HB makes mark. Witnesses Thomas Pearson, William Sharpe, John Pearson all sign.
ADMINISTRATION BOND: Mabell Beeby of Millum (with Thomas & John Pearson of Eskdale) bound in £100. (Henry late of "Easthwaite feild") Mabell makes nice vertical spiral mark, Thomas & John both sign.

William Jackson 2, Isabel Jackson 1, Mercy Jackson 1
PROBATE of will of William Jackson of Redbrowe, 1684 Nov 21: To be buried in Esdall churchyard. £3 to daughter Marcy Jackson; executors/residue- widow Isabell & daughter Marcy. Witnesses Henry Wilson, Henry Hartley (both made + marks) & Edw. Stanley. WJ mark & seal.
ADMINISTRATION BOND: Isabell Jackson, widow, & Mercy Jackson, spinster (with Henry Hartley) bound in £40

Henry Wilson 1, Eleanor Wilson 1
PROBATE and ADMINISTRATION BOND re Henry Wilson of Redbrow, Millom parish ["Ulpha" by mistake on label],1685/6 Feb 18: Ellianor Wilson, widow (with Robert Addison and Edward Wilson), all of Millom parish, bound in ?£20 to administer the estate. Ellianor makes odd angular mark; Robert & Edward sign. Witnesses are Tho. Parker & Jos. Lambert.

William Thompson 3, Agnes Thompson 1, Agnes Hartley 1, Robert Hartley 1, Elizabeth Thompson 1, Mary Thompson 1, Eleanor Thompson 1
PROBATE of will of William Thompson of Austhwaite [BURIAL 1688 Jul 10], 1689 May 2: 1s to daughter Annas Hartley & her husband Richard Hartley "in full filliall part and portion ....". Residue to three daughters Elizabeth Maison, Mary Woodd & Ellinor Thompson junior (executrixes)- allowing Ellinor "foure yards and a halfe of Graye Cloth and three quarters of Wooll beside her Executorixshipp". Witnesses John Thompson [mark], Henry Ffysher [mark], John Nicholson. Testator makes + mark.
ADMINISTRATION BOND: Ellianor Thompson, spinster of Millom parish, with John Thompson of Irton & John Walker of Irton. Ellianor is bound in £40 to administer the estate of the late Willm. Thompson of Austhwaite. All three make marks.

John Wilson 5b, Joyce Wilson 1, Joyce Tyson 1, Edward Tyson 2, Dorothy Wilson 1, Dorothy Wilkinson 1, Annot Wilson 1
PROBATE of will of John Wilson of Birker, 1697 Oct 30: To daughter Joyce & her husband Edward Tyson: bond of £6 from William & John Wilkinson, payable 1 year after testator's death; also 10s apiece to their 2 children. 1s each to the children of testator's son-in-law John Wilkinson. £15 & a cow & 10 sheep (5 wedders & 5 ewes)- "of the best"- to testator's wife Anot; also half his household goods, and 20s cash. Residue to daughter Dorothy Wilkinson (executrix). Appoints John Jackson, William Dixon & John Nicholson (to be paid 2s each) to see that will is performed. JJ & JN sign; WD makes W mark, testator signs X.
ADMINISTRATION BOND: Dorothy (Dorothea) Wilson, widow; with John Jackson, yeoman of Millom parish, & John Nicholson, gent., of St. Bees parish. Bound in £200 to administer the estate of her late father John Wilson. Dorothy may sign with M mark, or it may be part of her signature; JJ & JN sign again.

Robert Stevenson 1, Dorothy Stevenson 1, Abraham Stevenson 1, Thomas Stevenson 1, Robert Stevenson 3, Isaac Stevenson 1, Daniel Stevenson 1, Jacob Stevenson 2
PROBATE of will of Robert Stephenson of Howhow, Millom parish, 1705 Oct 22: £10 & 1/3 of his sheep to wife Dorothy Stephenson. A gun and 1/3 of his sheep to son Abraham S. 1/3 of his sheep to son-in-law William Tubman- but "it is my Will and Mind That the abovesaid Sheep Shall Remaine and be with the Tenant at Howhow abovesd. And goe with him for Thirds." Testator's gold ring to grandson Robert S. (son of testator's son Thomas S.). Bond for three payments of £13 6s 8d from son Isaac S. to be paid as follows: first payment, and £8 of second payment, to son Daniell S.; remainder of second payment (£5 6s 8d) to son Isaac S.; £3 of last payment to son Thomas S.; £5 of last payment to son Jacob S.; remainder of last payment (£5 6s 8d) to son Isaac S. Residue to son Isaac S. (executor). Witnesses Edward Tyson, John Nicholson & John Nicholson junior [all sign]. Testator signs [a bit uneven].
ADMINISTRATION BOND: Isaac Stephenson of Muncaster parish bound in £200, with Edward Tyson & Thomas Jackson of Millom parish, to execute will of late Robert S. of Howhow. IS & ET sign, TT makes mark T

Edward Stanley 3, Dorothy Stanley 2, Dorothy Mosley 1, Richard Stanley 1, Lucy Stanley 1, Thomas Parker 1, Henry Haile 2, William Wilson a, Thomas Browne 1, John Stanley 2, William Copley 1
PROBATE of will of Edward Stanley of Dalegarth, 1716 Jun 4: £20 to daughter Dorothy Moadsley & her husband Robert Moadsley. "One Broad peece of Gold" to son-in-law Mr William Copley. £10 to WC's son Robert Copley "if he be Liveinge and Come for it." £100 to son Richard Stanley, and £50 to his children. £20 (payable within a month of his death) and £200 (within a year) and £10 per year for her life (on 2 Feb annually) to testator's wife Luce Stanley. £100 to the chapel of Eskdale(via testator's feoffees), payable within 12 months of the death of the present curate, Mr Thomas Parker, "to be secured and Lent out"- the interest to be used to "advance the wages" of future ministers there. £40 "unto the poor People of the Chappellry of Eskdale and Birker", to be invested and the interest to be "Devided Amongst the Needfulst poore persons within the said Chappellry .... of Both Sides of Esk Yearly on Easter Day After Evining Service". Feoffees appointed: Sir William Pennington, Bart., of Muncaster Hall; Joseph Pennington Esq.; John Ponsonby Esq.; Mr John Muncaster, attorney at law; John Nicholson of Randalhow. Bequests: 40s to Henry Haile senior; £3 to testator's servant William Wilson; 20s to Thomas Browne if he is testator's servant when testator dies. 20s each to all testator's other servants serving when he dies. Residue to son John Stanley (executor). Gives 2 broad pieces of gold each to Sir Wm. and Joseph Pennington, 1 each to other feoffees. Witnesses John Nicholson, Henry Haile, William Troughton, John Nicholson junior. ES signs [elegantly].
ADMINISTRATION BOND: John Stanley, gent. of Eskdale, "et Rich'um Roe", bound in £2000 to administer will of late E.S. of Dale-garth. JS signs [a little less elegantly than his father had]

Thomas Parker 1
PROBATE of will of Thomas Parker, curate of Eskdale. Only possible direct Austhwaite connection is that the will (from Parker's spoken testimony in his last hours on 17 April) was witnessed by Thomas Hartley and John Hartley, and the inventory was made (on 23 April) by Nicholas Hartley and Thomas Hartley.

William Wilson 6, Mercy Wilson 1, John Wilson 8, William Wilson b, Nicholas Wilson 1, Mercy Wilson 2, Bridget Wilson 1, Bridget Collison 1
PROBATE of will of William Wilson of Marshelhouse, Austhwait, 1716 Jun 4: £20 & her chest & apparel, and "My best Bedstead with Duble ffurnitture and Apparrell" to wife Mercie Wilson. Sheep at Marshelhouse to be divided equally between son John Wilson, son William Wilson, and Mercy Wilson, daughter of testator's son Nicholas Wilson, "only it is my Will and Minde that the said William Wilson shall have ye said Mercy Wilson share of the sheep, for two shillings and six pence apeece." To the four children of testator's late daughter Bridget Collisson, 20s a year, during the lifetime of testator's wife Mercy, to be divided equally (this is the 20s which the children's father William Collison was to pay yearly to the longer-lived of testator & wife, as shown in a bond given to testator). Residue to son Nicholas Wilson and son-in-law John Plaskett, executors.
Witnesses Edward Tyson, Thomas Tyson [mark: T], John Nicholson. Testator makes mark: right-tilted W.
ADMINISTRATION BOND: Nicholas Wilson of Kirkby Kendall, Westmorland, and John Plaskett of Whitehaven, bound in £200 to administer estate of the late William Wilson of Marshelhouse in Millom. NW signs, JP makes mark.

bA: Bonds of Administration (no Probate)

Edward Stanley 1, Thomas Stanley 0
ADMINISTRATION BOND, 1598 19 Nov, process begun 17 June 40 Eliz I (1598): Edward Standeleye, esq. of Dalegarthe, was bound in £200 to administer the estate of his late father Thomas Standeleye, esq. of Dalegarthe.
Ed signs- slightly spidery and clumsy. Thomas Standishe and Richard Townson, minister, sign on behalf of the Church authorities [this would be the Richard Townson who was a curate in Lancaster in the 1590s according to the Clergy of the Church of England Database, http://www.theclergydatabase.org.uk]

John Tyson 1, Margaret Tyson 1
ADMINISTRATION BOND, John Tyson of Easthwaitfeld, 1623/4 Mar 1: Margarett Tyson, with Edward Nickolson (both "of Eshdall") bound in £16 to administer estate of her late husband

Henry Brocklebank 1
ADMINISTRATION BOND, re Henry Brocklebank of Dalegarth, 1634/5 Mar 17 [?]: John Brocklebank of Ulpha (with John Carter of Millom) bound in £36 to administer the goods and chattels during his own lifetime and that of his brother William.

Francis Tyson 1, Agnes Tyson 1, Janet Tyson 2, Thomas Tyson b, William Tyson 3
ADMINISTRATION BOND re Francis Tyson of Birker, 1672 Apr 26: Agnes Tyson, widow (with Thomas Tyson & John Inman, yeomen of Millom parish) bound in £40 to perform the will of her late husband Ffrancis, and to bring up & educate his children Jennet, Thomas & William. Agnes, Thomas & John all make marks.

Henry Fisher 1, William Dawson 1b
ADMINISTRATION BOND, re Henry Fisher of Easthwait, 1682 Sep 29: William Dawson of Easthwait [with William Thompson of Easthwait] bound in £50 to administer the estate.

Henry Fisher 2, Isabel Fisher 1, Alice Fisher 1
ADMINISTRATION BOND re Henry Ffisher of Austhwait, 1706 May 4: Alice Fisher, spinster, bound in £40 to administer the estate for Isabell Ffisher, mother & administratrix of Henry.

John Jackson 1, Jane Jackson 1
ADMINISTRATION BOND, re John Jackson of Birker, 1710 Oct 25: Jane Jackson, widow of Birker (with Thomas Jackson of Birker & Edward Jackson of Muncaster) bound in £100 to administer the estate. Jane & Thomas make + marks; Edward makes E mark.

Edward Tyson 2, Joyce Tyson 1
ADMINISTRATION BOND re Edward Tyson of Austhwaite, 1713/4 Feb 10: Joyce (Latin "Jocosa") Tyson, widow, bound in [illegible] to administer his estate.

LD: Legal Documents, various
Potentially this could be a huge section, as a substantial number of Stanley documents have been preserved [many are to be seen in the D Stan collection at Whitehaven Archive Office]. For the time being, although they would undoubtedly contribute to a better understanding of the Stanleys' development in the 17th century, I have chosen to exclude nearly all such documents which do not relate directly to Austhwaite.

Edward Stanley 1, Anne Stanley 1
MARRIAGE SETTLEMENT, 1591 Sep 24 [from catalogue entry Whitehaven Archive Office, ref. D Stan/2/12]: the settlement for the marriage between Edward Stanley, son and heir of Thomas Stanley of Dalegarth, and Anne, daughter of Isabell Briggs of Cawmire, Westmorland, widow of the late Thomas Briggs, gent., was dated 1591 Sep 24-25.

Edward Stanley 1, Dorothy Stanley 1 / Dorothy Fetherstonehaugh 1, John Stanley 1
MARRIAGE SETTLEMENT 1620 / 1625[Whitehaven Archive Office ref. D/Stan/2/16]: Edward Stanley Esq. of Dalegarth to Henry Ffetherstonhaughe Esq. of Kirkoswold, £600 for the full portion of his daughter Dorothy ["Dorothea"] Ffetherstonhaughe, payable 17 James 1 [=58 James 6 of Scotland] Feb 21, for her marriage to Edward's son John Stanley. ES enfeoffs Thomas Carleton Esq. of Carleton in Cumberland, Timothy Ffetherstonhaugh gent. of Kirkoswold, Daniel Hechstetter & Joseph Hechstetter, gents of Keswicke. Capital messuage & lands at Old Hyton, in Bootle parish, Cumberland, with tenements etc., and lands, tenement etc. called Midleforce in Whitbecke parish, Cumberland, with common rights, moorland etc. Also tithes of Eskdale, Miterdale, Netherwasdale & Wasdale Head in parish of Kirbybecocke [St. Bees], and capital messuage of Dalegarth with demesne. Also manors of Esthwt., Birkeby & Ponsonby, with watermills called Ponsonby milne, Linbecke & Stainton milnes, and two fulling mills, in Birkeby & Esthwaite; and all his common of pasture on the fell called Brant Rake. Also lands, tenements etc. in Esthwaite, Birkeby, Ponsonby, Melthwaite & Drigg, occupied by various tenants: Esthwaite annual rents £8; Birkeby £13 14s 4d; Ponsonby £3; Melthwaite & Drigg 2s 8d. Tenement etc. called Scowgarth Barr. Lands, tenements, commons, fells, turbary, sheepheafe or sheeprake & houses called Hirdhouses called Brotheralkeld [sic: "vocat." twice]. Fisheries in Dovocke Water & other waters in the manors. Old Hyton, Midleforce, tithes: to be held for John & Dorothy, then to pass to John & his heirs after Edward dies. The rest to be held for Edward Stanley for life, then to John & his heirs. Dated 10 April 1 Charles 1 [1625]
[NOTES ON REVERSE:] The lease of Ponsonby made by ES to Joseph Hechstetter & Willm. Person for 40 years is excepted from the feoffment. The sum of £19 for which Scowgarthbarr is mortgaged shall belong to ES or his executors when it is redeemed (subject to consent of HF).

John Stanley 1, Mercy Stanley 1, Edward Stanley 1
MARRIAGE SETTLEMENT [Whitehaven Archive Office, ref. D Stan/2/17/1]: Articles of agreement, 6 Charles 1 [1630] Jun 10, between Thomas Stanley Esq. of Ffittleworth, Sussex, & John Stanley, gent. of Dalegarth.
As John has married Thomas' eldest daughter Mercy Stanley, the marriage portion being £900, and £400 already paid, Thomas is to pay John £100 a year for five years, on Michaelmas, at his manor house of Lee in Fittleworth (provided Mercy or any issue of her body remains alive), starting in 1631. In return, if Mercy outlives John, she will have lands for her jointure to the value of £30 above what has already been conveyed to her for life.
If Mercy dies before Christmas 1630, and she & John have not by then surrendered to Thomas the copyhold tenement at Fittleworth formerly belonging to Thomas' brother John Stanley, gent., then John & his heirs must pay Thomas £50 within 3 months of Mercy's death.
John's father Edward Stanley of Dalegarth is to deliver to Thomas by Michaelmas 1630, the indenture of uses dated 1630 May 30, made between Edward & John of the first part, William Hudlestone Esq. of Millam, Thomas S., Daniell Bassano Esq. of Shalforde, Surrey, & Joseph Hechstetter of Crosthwaite of the second part

John Stanley 1, Mercy Stanley 1
RECEIPT [Whitehaven Archive Office, ref. D Stan/2/17/2]: 1635 Dec 16: John Stanley of Dalegarth acknowledges payment by Thomas Stanley of Fittleworth, Sussex, of the last £100 of the £900 agreed in his marriage settlement (1630 Jun 10)

Henry Fisher 1, Isabel Fisher 1
LEGAL DOCUMENT, 1682 Sep 27: Isabell Fisher, widow of Henry Fisher of Austhwaite, quits all claim to his goods, chattels, bonds etc. Witnesses: William Thompson [signs X] and Thomas Parker.

+: Religion / Eskdale chapel
The River Esk marked the boundary between the large, sparsely-populated parishes of St. Bees and Millom. For practical purposes, it had been agreed that both Eskdale and Austhwaite (and Birker) residents should worship at St. Catherine's chapel on the north (St. Bees) side of the Esk, near Dalegarth. Non-Christian religion was wholly absent, but the area was not immune from the controversies which were dividing the Anglican church and forming new "non-conformist" religious groups within the Christian tradition. I hope that more information for this section may be available from repositories such as the Borthwick Institute in York.

+P: Priests / clergy
The general succession of clergy at St. Catherine's chapel in Eskdale can be found in the Householders section. However, for convenience, I have also included Events in the lives of individual holders of the curacy.

William Singleton 1
Eskdale CLERGY: The curate of Eskdale chapelry (part of St. Bees parish in the diocese of Chester) in the early 17th century was William Singleton. He is probably the "Will'mus Singleton" who was ordained as a priest in the parish church of Wigan, Lancashire, on 25 Sep 1575 [from Chester Record Office, ref. EDA 1/3 (Ordination Register), via http://ccedb.cch.kcl.ac.uk ]; he was admitted as curate of Eskdale on 25 Jul 1578 [from the Borthwick Institute, York, ref. V.1578-9 (Visitation Book), via http://ccedb.cch.kcl.ac.uk ] by Edwin Sandys, Archbishop of York. In a list of clergy compiled in 1592 [from Lambeth Palace Library, ref. CM XIII/47 (Clergy list), via http://ccedb.cch.kcl.ac.uk ] William, at "Eshdale", was noted to be neither a graduate nor a preacher, but a catechizer [i.e. he followed a standard prepared course in his religious teaching]

1644 [from Alumni Oxonienses 1500-1714, compiled by Joseph Foster (1891)]: Edward Stanley of Dalegarth supposedly served as rector of Kirklington, Yorkshire, from 1644 to 1646; however, he is not listed in the Clergy of the Church of England Database, or in the entry for St. Michael's Church, Kirklington, inRichmondshire Churches by H.B. McCall (1910).

Eskdale CLERGY, 1649: [Commonwealth Survey (Lambeth Mss. Survey, vol ii), quoted in"The Ejected of 1662 in Cumberland and Westmorland..." by B. Nightingale, 1911]: "there was noe preaching Minister at Ashdale or Washdale"

Eskdale CLERGY, 1654 Jul 22 [Lambeth Mss. (Plund. Min.) 997, quoted in"The Ejected of 1662 in Cumberland and Westmorland..." by B. Nightingale, 1911]:
"Eshdale Washdale &c.
John Smith
Order.
Know all men &c the 20th day of July in the yeare 1654 There was exhibited &c An Order of ye Comrs for propagation of ye Gospell in ye ffoure Northern Counties Whereby Mr John Smith is appointed to be Itinerant preacher at Eshdale Washdale Muncaster Ireton and Drigg in the County of Cumberland and to receive ye Stipends & profits belonging to the said parishes and the yearely sume of twenty foure pounds Thirteene Shillings and foure pence payable by Sir Wilfrid Lawson and also another order of ye said Comrs for propagation of ye Gospell &c whereby ye said Mr Smith is empowered to receive the yearely sume of Twelve Pounds According to a Schedule hereunto annexed [omitted from transcript]. As by ye said Orders doe further appear The said Commissionrs for approbation of publique preachers being thereunto desired on the behalfe of ye said Mr John Smith and finding him qualified as in ye and by the ordinance for such approbation is required Doe by these presents ratify confirme and allow him the said Mr John Smith to continue as Itinerant preacher in ye parishes of Eshdale, Washdale, Muncaster, Ireton and Drigg aforesaid And to receive possesse enjoy all stipend or Stipends Rents dues & profits Whatsoever by vertue of the said orders setled upon him. In Witnes thereof they have caused ye Common Seale to be hereunto affixed and ye same to be attested by the hand of ye Regr by his Highnes in yt behalfe appointed. Dated at Whitehall ye 22 Day of July 1654
Jo. Smith cert. as aforesd by James Thompson of Moresby
Lawrence Wise of Chatham
Willm. Thompson"

Robert Rawlinson 1
Eskdale CLERGY 1671 Nov 3 [Whitehaven Archive Office, ref. D/Stan/3/28]: Robert Rawlinson is a witness to the Stanleys' deed for the purchase of the manor of Birker

Thomas Parker 1
CLERGY, 1674 Jul 3 [from Chester Record Office, ref. EDV 2/9 (Exhibition Book): 1677, via http://ccedb.cch.kcl.ac.uk ]: Thomas Parker ordained as deacon, at Chester by bishop John Pearson

Thomas Parker 1, Hannah Parker
In the Eskdale parish register, the next entry after a wedding on 13 May 1680 is this: "Hannah the daughter of Thomas Parker baptised June ye 4th 1676 born att Haile". It may be that the Parker family were in some way still connected with the Eskdale chapel, though Thomas did not officially hold the curacy. See also church Event 1677-04-01.

William Wilson 5
Curate at Eskdale [from Bishop's Transcript, Carlisle Archive Office ref. DRC 6/61]: Willm. Wilson.
[NB: According to B. Nightingale's "The Ejected of 1662 in Cumberland and Westmorland" (1911), a William Wilson had been curate at Haile until his death in 1674, and was succeeded there by Thomas Parker (see also baptism entry 1676 Jun 4); could the two Williams be related?]

Thomas Parker 1
CLERGY, 1677 Jul 31 [from Chester Record Office, ref. EDV 2/9 (Exhibition Book): 1677, via http://ccedb.cch.kcl.ac.uk ]: Thomas Parker, curate of Hale [Haile in Cumberland] is listed in a survey of clergy in the diocese of Chester as a pauper.

Eskdale CLERGY 1677 Jul 31 [from Chester Record Office, ref. EDV 2/9 (Exhibition Book): 1677, via http://ccedb.cch.kcl.ac.uk ]: William[Latin "Guilielmus"] Wilson was able to show the Bishop of Chester's officials his license to serve as curate at Staveley, Westmorland, but failed to produce his license to serve as curate of Ashdale chapelry in the parish of Sancta Bega [Eskdale in Cumberland]

Eskdale CLERGY, 1684 Sep 4 [from Chester Record Office, ref. EDV 2/10A (Exhibition Book): 1691, via http://ccedb.cch.kcl.ac.uk ]: Thomas Parker is admitted as curate of Eskdale chapel in the parish of St. Bege [St. Bees], Chester diocese, by John, Archbishop of York

Eskdale CLERGY, 1686 Sep 22 [from Chester Record Office, ref. EDV 2/10A (Exhibition Book): 1691, via http://ccedb.cch.kcl.ac.uk ]: Thomas Parker (literate, but lacking university qualifications) is licensed as a schoolmaster in the chapelry of Eskdale in the parish of St. Bege [St. Bees], Chester diocese, by Thomas Cradock, Ar. MA

Eskdale CLERGY, 1690 [from church presentments]: "Our Curat to the best of our obseruation is a man of a sober Chast and unblameable life. he doth use Canonicall and decent apparrell according to his abillity. he does not frequent Taverns or alehouses or resort thither with out occasions neither doth he play att Cards or Dice either by day or by night or any other unlawfull Games, neither did wee heare that he made any Clandestine marriages either without Banes thrice published or without Lycense lawfully obtained and att due Hours not befoore Eight nor after Twelve of Clocke in the morning nor in any unlawfull places, and he doth Bury the deade according to the order prescribed by the Booke of Common Prayer, and he Buries noon that dyes unbaptised or Excommunicated or have Layd violent hands on themselues. neither doth he make false Certificates of performing Penanc or declarations" "Our Curatt reades the office of Common Prayer att the accustomed hours of morning and euening service on Sundayes and Holy dayes and the Litany on wednesdayes and fridayes and he weares a Surplice while he performes thoose or other offices mentioned in the Booke of Common Prayer and in the time of Divine service he bids Holy dayes and ffasting dayes as shall happen in the weeke ffollowing. He reades the seruice appointed for the 30th of January the 5th of Nouember and the 29th of May and he keepes the yearely Parambulat'o'
He preaches sermons euery Sunday or causes sermons to be preached and reades Homilies apointed by the Church and befoore his sermons he prayes for the Holy Catholicke Church the Kings & Quenes most excellent maiesties"
"Our minister upon sundays after the second Lesson att Euening Prayer openly in our Parochiall Chappell Instructs the youth and Ignora't Persons of our Parish in the Catachism sett forth in the Booke of Common Prayer and he reades Publickly the Booke of Canons att least once in the yeare and the 39 Artickles twice every yeare"
"Our minister causeth the lords supper to be Celebratted in our Parochiall Chappell according to the office prescribed in the Booke of Com'on Prayer three times in the yeare whereof Easter or theire aboutes is one. He Baptiseth Infants of our Parish according to the Common Prayer Booke, and the giue him warning before they bring theire Infants
He Baptiseth on Sundays or Holy dayes with Godfathers & Godmothers and Baptiseth att home in cause of danger and necessity. He Visitts the sicke att theire Houses and he exhorts them to Brotherly Loue and unity"
"Our minister keepes no Curat" ... "Wee haue no Clark nor Sexton"

Eskdale CLERGY, 1696 [from National Archives, Kew, ref. E213/429 (Subscription roll), via http://ccedb.cch.kcl.ac.uk ]: Thomas Parker, curate of Eskdale chapel in Chester diocese, subscribes to the Association Oath [a sworn declaration that William III is "the rightful and lawful king", required of all holders of public office, following the discovery of plots in support of the exiled former King James II]

John Parker 3
CLERGY, 1705 Sep 24 [from Lancashire Record Office, ref. DRCh/8 (Exhibition Book): 1712, via http://ccedb.cch.kcl.ac.uk ]: John [Latin "Joannes"] Parker is licensed as curate of Haile, Cumberland, in the diocese of Chester, and also as schoolmaster there [from Lancashire Record Office, ref. DRCh/9 (Exhibition Book): 1716, via http://ccedb.cch.kcl.ac.uk].

Eskdale CLERGY, to 1716 [comments on curate Thomas Parker, from "The History of the County of Cumberland" by William Hutchinson, 1794, page 577]: "He was educated at the college of Glasgow; for 20 years before his death, he was totally blind, yet during that time he preached, and performed every ministerial duty, except reading the Sunday's lessons and psalms (which his son read for him). He was remarkable for his obstinacy of opinion, and positiveness in argument, either on subjects of divinity or history; so that learned men, his competitors, often told him in the phraseology of the country, 'that he had a memory like a horse, and a judgement like an ****."

+W: church Wardens / rate collectors
Two church wardens (or perhaps rather, chapel wardens) were selected each year to ensure the smooth running and maintenance of St. Catherine's chapel. One was always from north of the River Esk- in effect from Eskdale or Miterdale, as it was hard for Wasdalehead residents to perform the functions of the post effectively. The other was always from Austhwaite or Birker. I have attempted here to list all the wardens mentioned in surviving documents, whether or not one was an Austhwaite resident. I have also included in this category the very few identifications of church rate collectors.
Please note that, because church wardens generally only appear in the documents they submitted at the end of their year in office, I have usually started their five-month on-screen span from the November before the document date (the exception being 1642, which appears to list both the incoming and outgoing wardens).

Eskdale CHURCHWARDENS 1641-2 [from the 1641/2 Protestation Return, photocopy in library at Carlisle Archive Office]: Willm Dyconsone; Mathew Hartley; John Wilsone; John Woodend [The four names probably represent the wardens for 1641-2 and 1642-3. John Wilsone may be the Austhwaite resident, but there was another of that name in Eskdale.]

Thomas Dawson 1a ?
Eskdale CHURCHWARDENS 1645-6 [from document relating to John Stanley of Dalegarth in the proceedings of the Committee for Compounding, etc., National Archives ref. SP 23/208 p238]: John Willson (makes + mark) and Thomas Dawson (makes z mark; name Latinised as Thomee) [As there does not seem to have been a Thomas Dawson in the manor of Eskdale at this time, John Wilson is presumably the Eskdale resident, not the Austhwaite one]

Eskdale CHURCHWARDENS 1673-4 [from Eskdale Hearth Tax certificate, 1673 Sep 21: National Archives ref. E 179/326/6]: William Wilson (makes mark) and Nicholas Nicholson (signs blotchily)

Eskdale CHURCHWARDENS 1676-7 [from Bishop's Transcript, Carlisle Archive Office ref. DRC 6/61]: Joseph Mawson [signs]; Henery Ffisher [mark X]

Eskdale CHURCHWARDENS 1689-90 [from church presentments]: Joseph Porter; Thomas Jackson [makes mark]

William Pearson 2
Eskdale CHURCHWARDENS 1690-91 ["new Churchwardens" from church presentments 1690]: Richard Tyson; William Pearson

Eskdale CHURCHWARDENS 1692-3 [from Bishop's Transcript and church presentments]: William Viccars; Robert Mowson

Eskdale CHURCHWARDENS 1695-6 [from church presentments]: Nicholas Nicholson; Thomas Dixon (both sign)

Eskdale CHURCHWARDENS 1696-7 [from church presentments]: Thomas Tison; Henry Fisher

Eskdale CHURCHWARDENS, 1699-1700 [from chapel accounts]: Tho. Jackson of Milkinstead myre; John Vicars of Eskdale

Eskdale CHURCH RATE COLLECTORS, 1703-4 [from chapel accounts]: Thomas Tyson of Brantrake; Will? Viccer {first name looks almost like Rbitt] of Padeckwry
Eskdale CHURCHWARDENS, 1703-4 [from Bishop's Transcript]: Joseph Mason; Tho. Dawson [also on church presentments, which both sign]

William Tyson 1
Eskdale CHURCHWARDENS, 1704-5 [from chapel accounts]: Will. Tyson of Low Ground; Rob. Viccers - Dasonplaice

Eskdale CHURCH RATE COLLECTORS, 1705-6 [from chapel accounts]: Tho. Tyson of Brantray; Jo. Viccers of Peilplace.
Eskdale CHURCHWARDENS, 1705-6 [from church presentments and chapel accounts]: Wiliam Wilkinson of Fisherground & Thomas Dikson [both sign]

Eskdale CHURCH RATE COLLECTORS, 1706-7 [from chapel accounts]: John Tyson of Whincop; John Hartley of Holinhead
CHURCHWARDENS, 1706-7 [from chapel accounts]: John Wilson of Whose; John Viccers of Peilplace [Viccers may be a mistake- check original]

John Garner 1
Eskdale CHURCH RATE COLLECTORS, 1707-8 [from chapel accounts]: John Garner of Austert; John Viccers of Dasenplace
CHURCHWARDENS, 1707-8 [from chapel accounts]: John Inman of Whincop; Anthony Roger of Broow yeat

Nicholas Nicholson 1
Eskdale CHURCHWARDENS, 1708-9 [from Bishop's Transcript and chapel accounts]: Edward Tyson of Church Hous; Nickholas Nickholson of Redbrow
CHURCH RATE COLLECTORS, 1708-9 [from chapel accounts]: Joseph Porter of Lawholm; Thomas Tyson of Law Pyet nest

Richard Mawson 1
Eskdale CHURCH RATE COLLECTORS, 1709-10 [from chapel accounts]: Richard Mawson, Lowground; Henery Wilson, Gilbank.
CHURCHWARDENS, 1709-10 [from Bishop's Transcript and chapel accounts]: Nickholas Nickholson of Yathous; John Viccars of High Pyet nest [also on church presentments, which both sign]

Eskdale CHURCHWARDENS 1710-11 [from Bishop's Transcript and chapel accounts]: John Tyson of Low Ground; John Uiccars (for Rbitt. Viccers of Peilplace) [both also sign the church PRESENTMENTS 1711]
CHURCH RATE COLLECTORS 1710-11 [from chapel accounts]: Edward Tyson of Birkerthwaite; Nich. Hartley of Miterdale

Edward Tyson 2
Eskdale CHURCH RATE COLLECTORS, 1711-12 [from Bishop's Transcript and chapel accounts]: Edward Tyson of Swordhous; Rich. Tyson of Holings
CHURCHWARDENS, 1711-12 [from Bishop's Transcript and chapel accounts]: Nicholas Dickison [mark N] of Randelhow; John Hartley [who may have written both the names on the Bishop's Transcript] of Underbank

Eskdale CHURCHWARDENS? 1713-4 [from Bishop's Transcript, Carlisle Archive Office ref. DRC 6/61]: Thomas Tyson [assumed here to be one of the Birker Tysons, but the name was very common at this time]; John Porter

Eskdale CHURCHWARDENS, 1714-5 [from Bishop's Transcript and chapel accounts]: Nicholas Atkinson [may be related to John Atkinson of Birker]; John Wilson of High Whose
CHURCH RATE COLLECTOR , 1714-5 [from chapel accounts]: Tho. Hartley of Holinghow

Eskdale CHURCHWARDENS, 1715-6 [from Bishop's Transcript and chapel accounts]: Thomas Jackson [signs] of Spothow; John Porter [treelike mark]
CHURCH RATE COLLECTOR , 1715-6 [from Bishop's Transcript and chapel accounts]: Ed. Wilson of Hows

William Poole 1 (=Pow )
Eskdale CHURCHWARDENS, 1716-7 [from chapel accounts]: Willm. Pool of Milkinsteadmyre; John Wilson of Gilbank
CHURCH RATE COLLECTORS , 1716-7 [from chapel accounts]: Edward Tyson of Birkerthwait; John Wasdel of Bankhous

+N / +Q: Nonconformity
Church surveys surviving from the late 17th century onward give an idea of the extent to which some people chose to follow their own consciences in religious matters, in defiance of the power invested in the established Church.

+N: Nonconformity, general
In practice, all those named in this section are likely to be Quakers, but they were not specifically named as such in these particular documents.

NONCONFORMITY (ROMAN CATHOLICISM), 1688 Dec 31 [from " The Manuscripts of S.H. le Fleming, Esq.", Historical Manuscripts Commission (1890), letter 3415]: R. Fleming of Coniston to Sir Daniel Fleming (regarding reports of anti-Catholic rioting and arson around the country): "Little has been burned for all the great reports about us. We hear by a Seathwaite man that the house of one Porter, neighbour to John Nicholson in Eastdale, was burned by the rabble. He was a Papist. It was a very good old house and well furnished, with wainscott in several rooms. Sir William Pennington having notice, came with all speed, but was too late; the roof of the house fell down at his coming. Upon the alarm in that country Sir William sent to all his tenants and promised that whoever was killed his widow and heir should pay neither fine nor heriot." (John Nicholson was customary tenant of Randlehow; Porter may well have been Lancelot Porter of Low Holme, from a well-known local Catholic family. The Porters' main family estate over the Screes in Irton, called Usthwaite or Eusthwaite, has come to be known as Easthwaite, which may be one of the reasons why the Stanleys came to prefer the old Norse form for the spelling of their own manor)

NONCONFORMITY, 1690 [from church presentments]: Edward Tyson, John Tyson [assumed here to be John Tyson of High Ground- see 1710-04-01] and Widow Holm are stated not to have paid their share for repair of the church

NONCONFORMITY, 1690 [from church presentments]: Edward Tyson, John Tyson and Widow Holm are stated not to have paid their share for repair of the church

NONCONFORMITY, 1693 [from church presentments]: John Tyson [assumed here to be John Tyson of High Ground- see 1710-04-01], Joseph Leech, Edward Tyson, Widow Holme, and Mr John Hudson (of Egremont) are stated not to have paid their share for repair of the church

NONCONFORMITY, 1693 [from church presentments]: John Tyson, Joseph Leech, Edward Tyson, Widow Holme, and Mr John Hudson (of Egremont) are stated not to have paid their share for repair of the church

Joseph Leach 1
NONCONFORMITY, 1693 [from church presentments]: John Tyson, Joseph Leech, Edward Tyson, Widow Holme, and Mr John Hudson (of Egremont) are stated not to have paid their share for repair of the church

NONCONFORMITY, 1696 [from church presentments]: "We haue no married women in our Chapellary who are deliuered from the Perill of Childbirth that refuseth to make their Publick Thanksgiueing to God"

NONCONFORMITY, 1696 [from church presentments]: Edward Tyson, Isabell Holm, John Tyson [assumed here to be John Tyson of High Ground- see 1710-04-01], Thomas Saterthait and Joseph Leech are stated not to have paid their share for repair of the church

NONCONFORMITY, 1696 [from church presentments]: Edward Tyson, Isabell Holm, John Tyson, Thomas Saterthait and Joseph Leech are stated not to have paid their share for repair of the church

Thomas Satterthwaite 1
NONCONFORMITY, 1696 [from church presentments]: Edward Tyson, Isabell Holm, John Tyson, Thomas Saterthait and Joseph Leech are stated not to have paid their share for repair of the church

Joseph Leach 1
NONCONFORMITY, 1696 [from church presentments]: Edward Tyson, Isabell Holm, John Tyson, Thomas Saterthait and Joseph Leech are stated not to have paid their share for repair of the church

NONCONFORMITY, 1699 [from church accounts presented 1699/1700 Mar 16]: "Then a Cess [assessment] laide of eight pence a Seate
Tho. Jackson for Milkinsteadmyre: Cess of Birker side came to £1 4s ?0d [page cut]
Joseph Leich two seats - - - 0-1-4
Tho. Satterthwait 1 seat - - - 0-0-8
Jo. Tyson one seate - - - 0-0-8
Walk milne halfe a seate - - 0-0-4
Gill halfe a seate - - 0-0-4
These ungotten" [i.e. Jackson was unable to obtain from the above households the requested amounts, as calculated from the number of chapel seats tradiitonally allocated to their tenements. This comment is actually written in the right margin, and below it appear two more names (both Birker householders):]
"Edw. Tyson 2d
Wid. Holme - 2d"

Thomas Satterthwaite 1
NONCONFORMITY, 1699 [from church accounts presented 1699/1700 Mar 16]: "Then a Cess [assessment] laide of eight pence a Seate
Tho. Jackson for Milkinsteadmyre: Cess of Birker side came to £1 4s ?0d [page cut]
Joseph Leich two seats - - - 0-1-4
Tho. Satterthwait 1 seat - - - 0-0-8
Jo. Tyson one seate - - - 0-0-8
Walk milne halfe a seate - - 0-0-4
Gill halfe a seate - - 0-0-4
These ungotten" [i.e. Jackson was unable to obtain from the above households the requested amounts, as calculated from the number of chapel seats tradiitonally allocated to their tenements. This comment is actually written in the right margin, and below it appear two more names (both Birker householders):]
"Edw. Tyson 2d
Wid. Holme - 2d"

Joseph Leach 1

John Viccars Cess in Eskdale comes to - 1-7-8 [£-s-d]
halfe a seate ungotten [i.e. assessed amount not paid] of Joseph Mowson - 0-0-4
halfe a seate ungotten of Tho. Kent - 0-0-4
[See individual nonconformist households for Austhwaite assessment]

NONCONFORMITY, 1706 [from church presentments]: Edward Tyson and John Tyson [assumed here to be John Tyson of High Ground- see 1710-04-01] are stated not to have paid their share for repair of the church

NONCONFORMITY, 1706 [from church presentments]: Edward Tyson and John Tyson are stated not to have paid their share for repair of the church

NONCONFORMITY, 1706 [from church presentments]: no married women in the Chapelry refuse to make public thanksgiving to God after childbirth

NONCONFORMITY, 1710 [from church presentments]: John Tyson [assumed here to be John Tyson of High Ground-, because John Tyson of Cragg apparently ceased to be tenant there by the time of the manor court 1706 Nov 28] and Leah Saterthait are stated not to have paid their share for repair of the church

Leah Satterthwaite 1
NONCONFORMITY, 1710 [from church presentments]: John Tyson and Leah Saterthait are stated not to have paid their share for repair of the church

NONCONFORMITY, 1711 [from church presentments]: no householders are stated not to have paid their share for repair of the church

+Q: nonconformity: Quakers
The development (and decline) of the Religious Society of Friends in south Cumberland needs further study. Legend has it, for example, that Woodend, near Devoke Water, was a Quaker community, but this does not seem to be supported by much evidence. There is an old Quaker burying-ground in the Duddon valley near Ulpha, where Friends from Austhwaite and Birker may have been interred.

John Parker 1
QUAKER (Society of Friends) developments in Birker, c1658 onward [from "The First Publishers of Truth" edited by Norman Penney, 1907, from original accounts gathered c1720]: "William Wilson, of Longdale Chapel Steel (as Accountt is given [see below]), was the firstt who bore a publick Testimony to the Truth & Day of the Lord att Eshdale, where he spoke to the People att their publick Place of Worship, and exhorted them to mind thatt of God in their Consciences, and turn to that holy Lightt & Law which hee had putt in their Inward parts, thatt by the same they might come to know the Will of God and doe itt; for declareing of which hee suffer'd by one Priestt Parker, who in cruel rage did beatt & wound him with one of his Crutches, untill the Blood run down his Shoulders. The Priestt being lame, and nott able as he would to effect his purpose, Caused his horse to be brought, on which hee Mounted, and in the sight of the People hee broke his staff in three pieces on William's bare head, which made the People Cry outt against his Merciless Work. Butt before the Priestt gott home hee was struck with sickness, that hee never came more to the Steeple House, and dureing the Time of his sickness hee was loathsom & stinking above ground, and soe the Wicked Priestt dyed. Wm. Willson came again afterwards, and visited the People aboutt Eshdale, for which he mett with great suffering by another Priest att thatt Place.
A Meeting was setled thereaway in early Days, call'd Birkerah Meeting, which yett Continues there. Edward Tyson & James Stenton were the first who Received Truth thereaway, and Suffered for the same; and the Meeting was keptt att Edwards House for many years, and is yett keptt there to this Day."
The Langdale entry explains more about William Wilson, a tailor of Chapel Stile: "... ye First yt Came to Langedale Chappell to preach ye gospell was Willi. Becke ... whoe came ye later end of ye 7th mo'th in ye yeare 1655 ... on ye first day after Came Leo Fell & some others with him, & hee preacht Christ Jesus ye Light off ye world very powerfully ... In Langedale Willi. Wilson was ye first yt recived Willi. Becke & Leo Fell & there Joyfull message very gladly, being newly come home out of Scotlande From being a shouldger there." The narrative adds that Wilson was "early Called into the worke of the Ministry, and ffaithfully travelled & laboured therein to the end of his days In many parts of this nation & in Scotland, Ireland & Holland." He died in Langdale after falling ill at the annual meeting in London, and was buried on 11/5/1682

Edward Stanley 3?
QUAKER sufferings, 1682 Sep 2 [from 'Early Cumberland and Westmorland Friends' by Richard S. Ferguson, 1871, pages 176-7]: "William Holme, imprisoned above a year on a writ de Excommunicato capiendo, at the Suit of William Stanley, of Dalgarth, Impropriator [of tithes- mistake for Edward Stanley?], died a Prisoner" [probably in Carlisle Gaol]

PETITION to county MAGISTRATES, 1694 Jan 10 [Carlisle Archive Office, ref. Q11/ 1693-4 Epiphany petitions/2]: "To theire Maj'ties Justices of the Pease Att the Gen'rall Q'rter Sessions held att Cockerm'th the 10th d'' Jan'ry Anno Domini 1693/4
Humblely Sheweth that According to a Late Act of Parliam't made Wherein All Dissenters are Required to License theire Publiq Meeting houses Wee thought fitt to Request the Benefitt of the said Act and Humblely Intreete yow to grant us License for these houses und'rwritt for the People Caled quakers to Meete In & Wee shall Acknowledge itt A favo'r Don to yo'r Freinds
Edward Tysons house at Birkerthwaite
Joseph Leatch house of Redd-Brow
Both in the Parish of Millam.
Ordered Tysons [written above line, "Joseph Leatch" crossed out] house only"

John Tyson 3, Isabel Tyson 1
NONCONFORMITY (Quakers), 1696 [from church presentments]: people in the chapelry celebrate the Lord's Supper at Easter etc. "excepting the Quakers (videl'ct Edward Tyson and Ann his wife, Edward his son, Isabel Holm and Elizabeth Holm and Ann Holm, John Tyson, and Isabell his wife [assumed to be the Tysons of Cragg], Thomas Saterthait and Leah his wife, Joseph Leach and Dinah his wife"

NONCONFORMITY (Quakers), 1696 [from church presentments]: people in the chapelry celebrate the Lord's Supper at Easter etc. "excepting the Quakers (videl'ct Edward Tyson and Ann his wife, Edward his son, Isabel Holm and Elizabeth Holm and Ann Holm, John Tyson, and Isabell his wife, Thomas Saterthait and Leah his wife, Joseph Leach and Dinah his wife"

Thomas Satterthwaite 1, Leah Satterthwaite 1
NONCONFORMITY (Quakers), 1696 [from church presentments]: people in the chapelry celebrate the Lord's Supper at Easter etc. "excepting the Quakers (videl'ct Edward Tyson and Ann his wife, Edward his son, Isabel Holm and Elizabeth Holm and Ann Holm, John Tyson, and Isabell his wife, Thomas Saterthait and Leah his wife, Joseph Leach and Dinah his wife"

Joseph Leach 1, Dinah Leach 1
NONCONFORMITY (Quakers), 1696 [from church presentments]: people in the chapelry celebrate the Lord's Supper at Easter etc. "excepting the Quakers (videl'ct Edward Tyson and Ann his wife, Edward his son, Isabel Holm and Elizabeth Holm and Ann Holm, John Tyson, and Isabell his wife, Thomas Saterthait and Leah his wife, Joseph Leach and Dinah his wife"

NONCONFORMITY (Quakers), 1697 [from church presentments]: "the Quakers uidelicet Edward Tyson, John Tyson [assumed here to be John Tyson of High Ground- see 1710-04-01], Joseph Leech, Widdow Holme and Thomas Satherthait" are stated not to have paid their share for repair of the church

NONCONFORMITY (Quakers), 1697 [from church presentments]: "the Quakers uidelicet Edward Tyson, John Tyson, Joseph Leech, Widdow Holme and Thomas Satherthait" are stated not to have paid their share for repair of the church

Thomas Satterthwaite 1
NONCONFORMITY (Quakers), 1697 [from church presentments]: "the Quakers uidelicet Edward Tyson, John Tyson, Joseph Leech, Widdow Holme and Thomas Satherthait" are stated not to have paid their share for repair of the church

NONCONFORMITY (Quakers), 1697 [from church presentments]: no married women in the Chapelry refuse to make public thanksgiving to God after childbirth "but the Quakers (uidelicet) Leah Saterthait & Dinah Leech"

Leah Satterthwaite 1
NONCONFORMITY (Quakers), 1697 [from church presentments]: no married women in the Chapelry refuse to make public thanksgiving to God after childbirth "but the Quakers (uidelicet) Leah Saterthait & Dinah Leech"

Dinah Leach 1
NONCONFORMITY (Quakers), 1697 [from church presentments]: no married women in the Chapelry refuse to make public thanksgiving to God after childbirth "but the Quakers (uidelicet) Leah Saterthait & Dinah Leech"

NONCONFORMITY (Quakers), 1704 [from church presentments]: "the Quakers vid'l'ct Edward Tyson, John Tyson [assumed here to be John Tyson of High Ground- see 1710-04-01] and Joseph Leech" are stated not to have paid their share for repair of the church

NONCONFORMITY (Quakers), 1704 [from church presentments]: "the Quakers vid'l'ct Edward Tyson, John Tyson and Joseph Leech" are stated not to have paid their share for repair of the church

NONCONFORMITY (Quakers), 1704 [from church presentments]: no married women in the Chapelry refuse to make public thanksgiving to God after childbirth except "Dinah Leech a Quaker"

Dinah Leach 1
NONCONFORMITY (Quakers), 1704 [from church presentments]: no married women in the Chapelry refuse to make public thanksgiving to God after childbirth except "Dinah Leech a Quaker"

+A: church Administration
General documents relating to the administration of the Eskdale chapel

John Stanley 1
Among the Stanley documents in the Pennington of Muncaster collection is a ledger book [Whitehaven Archives Office, in box D Pen/74a] which contains "The Easter Book for Eshdale & Miterdale", beginning in 1650. This lists the offerings due from householders at Easter to the Stanley family (at this time, John Stanley) as owners of the tithes in the Eskdale chapelry of St. Bees parish. Values were placed on different types of produce for each householder, from hay to bees. Curiously, because Austhwaite itself was in Millom parish, although served for convenience by the Eskdale chapel, it is not included, as its tithes and Easter offerings did not belong to the Stanleys. The book contains Eskdale listings for various years up to 1682.

Eskdale CHURCH ADMINISTRATION, 1696 [from church presentments]: "We doe not know nor haue we heard of any payment Composition or promise mad to any Ecclesiasticall officer for conniueing att any fault committed we doe not know whether the Register receiues and Reward in any case whatsoever in fauour of any p'ty or hath been of Counsell directly or indirectly with either p'ty in suit"
"We doe not know whether the register or any other Eclesiastical officer or any Clarke takes greater fees than those Contained in the Table of Fees for we neuer see any Table of Fees"
"Theise 2 Table of fees we neither see in the Consistory nor in the Registery"
"We know not whether the Apparitors exact moor or greater Fees than thoose p'scribed in the Table of ffees because we doe not know what Fees is is prescribed to each officer in the Table of fees neither haue we hard of any fals returns mad by any apparitor or that they haue taken rewards for concealments or any way misbehaued themselues in their offices" [similar text in 1697; omitted thereafter]

Eskdale CHURCH ACCOUNTS, 1699-1700 [extracts in Sykes MS Collections volume 2, at Whitehaven Archive Office, ref. YDSO 81/1/2]: Assessment ("cess") of rents for seats in the church. "Tho. Jackson of Milkinstead myre, cess of Birkbie side comes to 1£ 4s 0d. John Vicars cess in Eskdale comes to 1£ 7s 8d. Cess laide at eight pence a seate.
Walk milne half a seat ungotten- 4d. Gill half a seat ungotten- 4d. Half a seat ungotten of Tho. Kent- 4d.

Eskdale CHURCH ACCOUNTS, 1699-1700 [extracts in Sykes MS Collections volume 2, at Whitehaven Archive Office, ref. YDSO 81/1/2]: Assessment ("cess") of rents for seats in the church. Cess laide at eight pence a seate.
Walk milne half a seat ungotten- 4d. Gill half a seat ungotten- 4d. Half a seat ungotten of Tho. Kent- 4d.

+F: chapel Fabric and Furnishings
Descriptions and documents relating to the physical structure and condition of the Eskdale chapel and its furnishings & equipment.

William Singleton 1
Description of discoveries made during the restoration of Eskdale Chapel in 1881 (quoted by the Rev. W.S. Sykes from a letter by the Rev. H. Gaythorpe [Sykes MS Collections volume 2, at Whitehaven Archive Office, ref. YDSO 81/1/2]): "The old oak roof was off; and the walls stripped of whitewash revealed Black Letter texts of early XVII Century with Capitals in Yellow ochre and Vermillion" ...
Sykes adds "Subsequent to the above Rev. J.W. Hall, Vicar in 1927 informed me that he had received some account of a Vault below the church, found by the workmen but which they were not permitted to examine"...

John Parker 1
[from "The Gosforth District" by C.A. Parker, 1904, page 216]: "The chalice dating from 1634-5, is of London make and has four marks, one an escallop shell. The lion mark is repeated on the foot of the cup, shewing that cup and foot have been assayed separately."

[from "The Cumbrian Parishes 1714-1725 from Bishop Gastrell's Notitia" edited by L.A.S. Butler, CWAAS Record Series 12], note about Eskdale chapel written in 1724: "When the steeple was rebuilt about 40 years ago there was an inscription on it, An. 1010, as some old people now affirm"

[from "The Gosforth District" by C.A. Parker, 1904, page 215]: "The north bell, which is the tenor, is 17 inches across and has inscribed round the shoulder in black letter text with ornamental capitals, 'Anima Mea Requiesce in Pace, 1687' (May my soul rest in peace), and below that, between the letters W and S, a bell, the stamp of the bell founder. The letters M and W S and the figures 1 and 6 are exactly like those on a bell at Edenhall, dated 1665, and attributed to William Sellar, bellfounder of York"... "The bell is probably one of the very last he made, and is remarkable for having a second date upon it, on the left side of the stamp, in letters 1 1/2 inches long cut into the bell when cold, T.S. 1287" ... "Perhaps the T.S. Refers to one of the Sellar family and the inscription was cut in December (16)87."

[from an article on the bells of Eskdale chapel in the CWAAS Transactions, 2nd Series vol. 57, pp97-99]: "Bell no. 2- the tenor- is 18 in. in diameter. It was re-cast in 1955, but the former black-letter inscription has been reproduced upon it- Anima Mea Requiesce in Pace 1687" ... "bell-founder's stamp, a bell between the letters W and S ... possibility of its being the mark of William Scott of Wigan." ... "As for the T.S. 1287 cut into the bell when cold, some people still think the 1287 must be a mistake for 1687, but Mr Taylor [of the Loughborough bell-foundry] throws out the suggestion that it might equally well be a mistake for 1827 and done, possibly, by somebody who hung the bells"...

Eskdale CHAPEL, 1690 [from church presentments]: "Our Parochiall Chappell is consecrated to the seruice of God and is decently kept, the roofes Walles Pauements and Windowes are in Good repair, the Tenn Commandments Lords Prayer and the Creed are drawn out in faire Letters the Kings Armes are decently sett up in a convenient place the Bells and roapes are in Good Condition and noe schoole is taught therein" ... "We haue a Font of stone decently couered standing towards the lower end of the Church for the Administration of Baptism. Wee haue a decent Communion Tabell couered in the time of diuine service and a faire Linen Cloth to spreade uppon it in the time of Administration and so placed that the Parisshoners may come to to communicate with the minister. We haue a patten to putt the bread on and a flaggin for the wine and other things necessary for the celebration of Diuine seruice and administration of the sacrament"
"Our reading desk and Pulpit are conveniently sett up and placed for the use of publique prayed and preaching and our pulpit hath a Quission fitt theret, and the seates of our Parisshon's are decent and uniform. noone is built to the preiudice of others and our Parishioners are placed in them without any offenc or contention"
"Wee haue in our Parochial Chappel the Com'on Prayer Booke of the largest volume latterly sett forth by Publique authority and wee haue the Bible in Folio fairely Bound of King James his Translation a Booke of Homilies a Booke of Cannons. Wee haue a decent surplice for our minister to weare in the time of Publicke ministration"
"Wee haue a Book of Parchment wherein wee Register the Christenings marriages and Burials in our Parish and another of Paper wherein wee noate the names of Strang Preachers according to ye Canons Injunction. Wee haue a strong Chist with three lockes wherein wee preserue our Churches furniture and the Bookes: a Box for Almes and wee haue the Table of degrees prohibitted in marriag sett forth in the yeare 1562 and is so placed in our Church yt any one may come to reade them. wee haue no Parsonage nor Vicarag."

Eskdale CHURCHYARD, 1690 [from church presentments]: "The Church yard is decently kept and well fenced and no encroachment is mad there uppon by Building. noe excommunicat persons is Buried either in Church or Church yard"

Eskdale CHURCH ACCOUNTS, 1707 [extracts in Sykes MS Collections volume 2, at Whitehaven Archive Office, ref. YDSO 81/1/2]: includes "Painting of Church- 1£ 10s 0d"

+I: (Im)moral behaviour
In addition to reporting on religious non-conformity, the curate and church wardens were supposed to keep an eye out for immoral behaviour. Mostly, they reported that all was well. Note that some issues of morality can also be found in the records of the Manor court.

MORALITY, 1690 [from church presentments]: "Noone of our Parisshioners neither nor theire seruants occupy themselves unnecessarily in the seruill workes of their calleing on Sundays. they doe not open their shopes nor sell their wares on thoose dayes. we haue noe Vinteners Victuallers or such like as is mentioned in the last clause of this article"
"Our Parishioners in time of Diuine service behaues themselues reverently. att sermon or Homily men and youths with their Hattes of. both sexes do giue due attention. Wee haue noone that disturbe Holy duties by talkeeing walkeing removeing goeing out or any other disorder"
"Wee haue noone within our Parish that hath beene married without Bannes thrice asked or else by a Lycense Lawfully obtained. we know of noe marriages that haue bene solemnized att any unlawfull Hours or in any unlawfull place"
"We doe pr'sent Isabell Tyson for fornication"

IMMORALITY, 1690 [from church presentments]: "We doe pr'sent Isabell Tyson for fornication"

MORALITY, 1711 [from church presentments]: "Wee haue noe person in our Chapellary that lyes under a common fame of Adultery Fornication (but Henry Nicholson & Elizabeth Dickinson w'm we suppose to be Clandestinely married: w'm we do p'sent) or Incest, their is noe commo' Drunkards within our Chapellary nor common Swearers nor Filthy talkers nor sowers of sedition Faction or disorder"

+C/+M/+B: parish registers
Although associated with church ceremonies, registration of the three key life events was actually a civil function, and for a while in the 1650s was even performed by non-religious officials (following a brief period during which the system had collapsed altogether).
For the study of Austhwaite, the oldest surviving register of the Eskdale chapelry, which starts to become legible around 1625, has some serious drawbacks. First, it does not name mothers of children (and for burials, it often does not even name the dead child). Second, some years are missing. Third, the places of residence of individuals named are rarely stated. Given the limited selection of names in the area, it is very difficult to tell whether the father / husband / wife / corpse in any given entry comes from Austhwaite, Birker, Eskdale or even Wasdalehead. I have included entries for those individuals who are specifically linked to Austhwaite locations, for the Stanley family and the families of most of the curates, and for others which can be tied in with other documents (most obviously, burials and wills). To include the majority of entries, I propose eventually to expand at least the Householders section of this presentation to include the whole of Eskdale chapelry, so that it will become easier to associate individuals with places and time-spans.

+C: Christenings
As noted in the introduction to parish registers, christening entries at this time nearly always list only the father of the baby. I hope eventually to work out the names of many of the mothers from other records, but I'm not expecting it to be easy.

Dorothy Stanley 1 / Dorothy Fetherstonehaugh 1
Dacre parish register, CHRISTENING 1604/5 Feb 24 [quoted in CWAAS Transactions, 2nd series vol 14, p220] : Dorothy, daughter of Henry and Dorothy Fetherstonehaugh of Kirkoswald

Mercy Stanley 1
CHRISTENING, 1609 Oct 1 [from http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/STANLEY1.htm ] at Bignor, Sussex: Mercy, daughter of Thomas Stanley Esq. of Lee, Sussex

Edward Stanley 2, Edward Stanley 1
probable Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1612 [based on age 16 in November 1628, in Alumni Oxonienses 1500-1714, compiled by Joseph Foster (1891)]: Edward son of Edward Stanley of Dalegarth

John Parker 1, John Parker 2
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1627 Sep 4: John son of John Parker

John Parker 1, Anne Parker 1
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1629 Jul 12 Anne daughter of John Parker

John Parker 1, Jane Parker 1
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1630/31 Feb 27: Jane daughter of John Parker

John Parker 1, Samuel Parker 1
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1632 Nov 18: Samuell son of John Parker

John Parker 1, Susan Parker 1
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1635 Apr 19, Susan daughter of John Parker

John Parker 1, Bridget Parker 1
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1638 Jul 16: Bridgett daughter of John Parker

Edward Stanley 3, John Stanley 1
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1639 ?Aug 4: Edward son of John Stanley of Dalegarth

John Stanley 1, Ann Stanley 3
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1640/1 Jan 29: Ann daughter of John Stanley

Thomas Parker 1, John Parker 1
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1640/41 Feb 15: Thomas son of John Parker

Isabel Stanley 2
BIRTH, 1641 Jul 11 [from a list of "the children of Mr. Tho. Curwen and Helena his wife and their severall birthdays as it was writ in Mr. Curwen's Bibell", summarised in "The Ancient House of Curwen" by J.F. Curwen, page 164]: Isabel Curwen, daughter of Thomas & Helena Curwen of Sella Park, Cumberland [see 1658 Dec 31]

John Jackson 1, Henry Jackson 2
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1641 Sep 27: John son of Henry Jackson

John Parker 1, Alice Parker 1
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1643 Jul 7: Alice daughter of John Parker

John Stanley 1, Margaret Stanley 2
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1645 Aug 18: Margarett daughter of John Stanley of Dalegarth

John Dixon 2?, Nicholas Dixon 3
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1657 Nov 30: Nicholas son of John Dixsone of Eshaitfeild

William Thompson 3?, Elizabeth Thompson 1
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1658 Sep ?26: Elizabeth daughter of William Tomsone of Estwhaitfeild

Edward Stanley 3, Isabel Stanley 5
Unlisted CHRISTENING, probably early 1660: Isabell, daughter of Edward & Isabell Stanley [estimate from Stanley pedigree made 1665 Apr 3, for the visitation by William Dugdale, Norroy King of Arms, in 1666, as presented in "Pedigrees Recorded at the Heralds' Visitations of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmorland" edited by Joseph Foster]

William Jackson 2, John Jackson 3
Eskdale CHRISTENING, ?1661 May 24: John son of William Jackson of Redbrow [added at top of next page after 1661 listing]

John Robinson 1, Elizabeth Robinson 1
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1661 Aug x: Elizabeth daughter of John Robinson of Linbeck [i.e. the Walkmill?]

Edward Stanley 3, John Stanley 2
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1661 Sep 12: John son of Edward Stanley of Dalegarth

John Dawson 1, Edward Dawson 1
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1661 Sep 18: Edward son of John Dawsone of Esthwatfield

William Wilson 9, John Wilson 6
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1661 Nov ?12: John son of William Wilson of Eskthwatfield

Robert Rawlinson 1, Robert Rawlinson 2
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1662 Oct 16: Robert son of R. Rawlinson of Beckfoot

Edward Stanley 3, Barbara Stanley 1
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1662 Dec 3: Barbary daughter of Mr Edward Stanley of Dalegarth

John Wilson 4, John Wilson 7
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1662/3 Mar 4: John son of John Wilson of Brantrake

Henry Wilson 1, Jane Wilson 1
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1663 Jul 19: Jane daughter of Hen. Wilson of Redbrow

Edward Stanley 3, Thomas Stanley 2
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1663 Nov 3: Thomas son of Mr Edward Stanley

Nicholas Tyson 2?, John Tyson 7
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1664 Apr 3: John son of Nicholas Tyson of Estatffeild

William Thompson 3?, Mary Thompson 1
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1664 Jun 26: Mary daughter of Will. Tompson of Eshatfield

William Jackson 2, Mercy Jackson 1
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1664/5 Jan 8: Massy daughter of William Jackson of Red Brow

xxxsy Fisher 1, Henry Fisher 1
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1665 ?Apr ?21: xxxsy daughter of Hen. Ffisher of Estatffeild

Robert Rawlinson 1,Thomas Rawlinson 1
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1665 June 17: Thomas son of Robert Rawlinson

Edward Stanley 3, Dorothy Stanley 2
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1665 Oct 26: Dorathie daughter of Edward Standley Esq.

John Dixon 2, Dorothy Dixon 1
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1665 Dec ?8: Dorathy daughter of John Dixon of Estatffeild

Nicholas Tyson 1, Ann Tyson 1
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1665 Dec 8: Ann daughter of Nic. Tyson of Estatffeild [assumed here to be Nicholas Tyson of Cragg]

Nicholas Mawson 1, Alice Mawson 1
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1666 Apr 23: Alice daughter of Nic. Mosan of Estatffeild [at a guess, the occupier of the larger Swordhouse tenement]

John Dawson 1b, Thomas Dawson 3
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1666 Sep 9: Tho., son of John Dawson of Estatffeild

William Wilson 9?, Mary Wilson 1
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1667 Jun 13: Mary daughter of Wm. Wilson of Estatffeild [location unkknown, guessed to be one of the Brantrake Wilsons]

Henry Wilson 1, Thomas Wilson 5
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1667 Oct 13: Tho., son of Henery Wilson of Redbrow

Edward Stanley 3, Edward Stanley 4
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1667 Nov 26: Edward son of Edward Stanly Esq., of Dalegarth

William Thompson 3?, Ellen Thompson 1
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1667/8 Mar 8: Ellen daughter of Will. Tompson of Estatffeild

Nicholas Tyson 2?, Edward Tyson 4a
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1668 May 9: Edward son of Nic. Tyson of Estatffeild

John Dixon 2, Ellen Dixon 1
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1668 May 29: Ellen daughter of Jo. Dixon of Estatfeild

Robert Rawlinson 1, Robert Rawlinson 3
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1669: Robert son of Robert Rawlingson

Edward Stanley 3, William Stanley 3
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1672 Jul 23: Will., son of Edward Stanley Esq.

Eskdale CHRISTENING, Oct 17: ???? [page cut] son of Henry Ffisher of Estwaite

John Dixon 1b, Edward Dixon 1
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1676 Sep 25: Edward son of John Dixon of Underbank

William Dawson 1, John Dawson 3
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1676/7 Feb ?18: John son of William Dawson (or Lawson?) of Estwaitfield

Nicholas Tyson 2?, Dorothy Tyson 1
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1677 Jun xx: Dorothy daughter of Nicholas Tyson of Esthwaite

William Wilson 6?, Barbara Wilson 1
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1677 Dec 9: Barbara daughter of William Wilson of Estwaitefield

John Dixon 1b, John Dixon 4
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1677/8 Feb ?1: John son of John Dixon of Underbanke

Nicholas Jackson 2, Nicholas Jackson 1
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1678 Sep ?7: Nicholas son of Nicholas Jackson of Linbeck [i.e. Walk mill?]

William Wilson 5, Agnes Wilson 1
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1679 May 5: Agnes daughter of William [Latin "Guliolmi"] Wilson of Beckfoot

John Dixon 1, Henry Dixon 2
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1679/80 Mar 22: Henry son of John Dixon of Milkinstead

Janet Wilson 2, Edward Wilson 3
Eskdale CHRISTENING, 1687 Oct 24: Jenet daughter of Edward Wilson

+M: Marriages
I have also searched for marriage entries in neighbouring parishes naming Austhwaite residents, but most suffer from the same problem as the Eskdale registers in failing to identify places of residence.

Margaret Stanley 1, Edward Stanley 1
MARRIAGE, Possibly in 1624: Margaret Stanley, daughter of Edward Stanley of Dalegarth, to Joseph Hechstetter, mining engineer and metal smelter. The marriage may be one of the illegible entries on the damaged first page of the Eskdale parish register; our first certain information is the christening of the twin daughters Thomazin and Margratt at Crosthwaite near Keswick, on 8 October 1625 (when the family address was given as 'Meltinghousses')- they were buried in the choir of Crosthwaite church the same day. Son Danyell was christened on 12 November 1626 (address 'Keswick'); daughter Anne 12 October 1628; another Danniell 21 Nov 1630; another Thomazin 14 April 1633; Katherin 6 Dec 1635. Mr Joseph Hechstetter was buried in the choir of Crosthwaite church on 15 August 1656.

John Stanley 1, Mercy Stanley 1
Church of St. Peter the Great, Chichester, Sussex MARRIAGE, 1630 Apr 1 [from "The House of Stanley" by Peter E. Stanley]: John Stanley [of Dalegarth] and Mary [i.e. Mercy?], daughter of Thomas Stanley of Lee, Sussex

Anne Stanley 2, Edward Stanley 1
MARRIAGE, possibly around 1634-6, a period when part of the Eskdale register is missing [based on William DugdaleThe visitation of the county of Yorke begun in a Dni MDCLXV. and finished a Dni MDCLXVI edited for the Surtees Society (1859)]: Anne Stanley, daughter of Edward Stanley of Dalegarth, to Edward Crofts of East Appleton, near Catterick, Yorkshire, born c1604 (later Governor of Knaresborough Castle for King Charles I, and described as aged 61 at the Herald's Visitation on 1665 Aug 21). Their male children surviving in 1665 are: Roger (aged 22 in 1665, so born c1643); Richard; Raphe; and Edward.
According toThe History of the Castle, Town, and Forest of Knaresborough by Ely Hargrove (1809), Colonel Crofts died in 1688 and was buried in Catterick churchyard.
According toThe Register of Admissions to Gray's Inn, 1521-1889 edited by Joseph Foster (1889), Edward Crofts, "fourth son of Edward C., of East Appleton, co. York, Esq.", studied law and was admitted to the Inn, 1669 Jun 19.

Thomas Dawson 2
MARRIAGE? 1657 Jun 22: The printed abstract of the civil register kept by magistrate William Thomson of Thornflatt near Drigg, which largely replaced local church marriage registers in the 1650s, states that Thomas Danson and Elizabeth Russell, both of Millom parish, were married this day, having been certified for the purpose on 18 May. It is just possible that Thomas is the fairly aged Thomas Dawson of Swordhouse.

Edward Stanley 3, Isabel Stanley 4
PONSONBY or HAILE? Marriage, ?1658: [from Joseph Foster. The royal lineage of our noble and gentle families. Together with their paternal ancestry .. (Volume 2)]: "THOMAS CURWEN, of Sella Park, which his father purchased for him, died 26 April, 1653, aged 63 ; he married at Dearham, 3 Feb.1639, Helena, eldest daughter of Samuel Sanderson, of Hedley Hope; she bom 20 Feb., 1612; died 4 Feb., 1670, having had 4 sons and 6 daughters [including]: Isabel, bom 22 Nov., 1641 ; died 27 Nov., 1693; married , 1685, to Edward Stanley, who died 1 Jan., 1715"
[the 1685 marriage date is wrong, possibly a transposition for 1658- Isabel and Edward were listed as a couple in the Herald's Visitation dated 3 April 1665, with four children, all appearing in the Eskdale register of christenings except Isabell, the older daughter, who may therefore have been born in 1659-60, when the register was neglected]

William Dawson 1, Mercy Thompson 1
Eskdale MARRIAGE, 1665 Jun 6 [possibly 1664, which is the heading for this section of the parish register, though most individual entries are dated 1665]: Will. Dawson and Massy Tompson, both of Estatffeild

John Dixon 1b; Agnes Postlethwaite 1
Eskdale MARRIAGE, 1676 Apr 27: John Dixon of Underbanke and Agnes Postlethwaite of Dalegarth [but he "of Birker" and she "of the same" in Bishop's Transcript; note also that wedding entries between 1675 and 1680 include five brides named Agnes, and none named Ann(e).]

Elizabeth Hartley 1
Eskdale MARRIAGE, 1677 Sep 2: Nicholas Jackson of Ulpha and Elizabeth Hartley of Linbeck [i.e. Walk mill?]

Agnes Thompson 1, Robert Hartley 1
Eskdale MARRIAGE, 1677 Oct 30: Robt. Hartley of Drigg and Agnes Thompson of Esthwaite field [later of Windy Gap]

Dorothy Stanley 2, Dorothy Mosley 1
Eskdale MARRIAGE, 1687 Jul 17: Mr Robert Mosley and Mrs Dorathey Stanley

Thomas Jackson 5, Mercy Jackson 1
Eskdale MARRIAGE, 1688 May 17: Thomas Jackson and Marcy Jackson, by banns

John Stanley 2, Dorothy Stanley 3
[from "The History of the County of Cumberland" by William Hutchinson, 1794, p588-9]: John Stanley, Esq., son and heir of Edward, married Dorothy, daughter of Edward Holt of Wiggan, in the county of Lancaster, Esq.

John Stanley 2, Dorothy Stanley 3
WIGAN MARRIAGE, 1688 Jul 26 ["The Registers of Wigan 1676-1710", transcribed by Len Marsden. Lancashire Parish Register Society, 2001]: "John Stanley Esq., Cumberland, & Mrs Dorothy Hoult tp [this parish], lycens"

Janet Wilson 2, Janet Tyson 1, John Tyson 4
Eskdale MARRIAGE, 1708 Jul 11: John Tyson and Jeneta Wilson

Edward Stanley 3, Lucy Stanley 1
Eskdale MARRIAGE, 1711 Aug 21: Edward Stanley Esq., and Mrs Lucy Smith

+B: Burials
There are a surprisingly large number of cases where wills and inheritances are not matched by burials. Some could have died and been buried elsewhere, perhaps on trips to markets or fairs, and Quakers were probably not buried in the churchyard. I suspect, however, that closer investigation may identify periods of poor record-keeping.

Anne Stanley 1
DEATH, possibly autumn 1618: Anne, wife of Edward Stanley, was dead by 12 January 1619, when the Stanleys received various properties from her sister Agnes Hutton and brother-in-law Sir Richard Hutton (see details at that date). It may well be that Anne's death was the reason for the making of the Hutton deed (as Anne and Agnes were co-heirs of their father Thomas Briggs) and had occurred not long before.

Thomas Stanley 1
DEATH, possibly spring 1619: Thomas Stanley, who matriculated at Queen's College Oxford in 1616, age 17, is not listed as having obtained a degree. He seems to have been alive on 12 January 1619 (see land deed of that date) but the Stanley genealogy in the 1666 Herald's Visitation of Cumberland confirms that he died before he had a chance to marry.

xxxx Stanley 1
Eskdale BURIAL, 1625/6 Feb ?First: [illegible] Stanley

Eskdale BURIAL, 1629 Apr 15: Edward Wilsone of Reedebrowe

William Jackson 1, xxxx Jackson 1
Eskdale BURIAL, 1629 Aug ?13: a child of William Jackson of Awstetfeild [? only partly legible]

Isabel Stanley 1 ?
Eskdale BURIAL, 1630 Mar ?24: Isabell Stanley

George Nicholson 1
Eskdale BURIAL, 1631 May 23 [possibly 27]: George Nicholsone

John Parker 1, Bridget Parker 1
Eskdale BURIAL, 1639/40 Feb 19: Bridgett Parker

John Parker 1, Samuel Parker 1
Eskdale BURIAL, 1639/40 Mar 4: Samuell Parker

John Jackson 4?, Henry Jackson 2
Eskdale BURIAL, 1641 Oct 5: a child of Henry Jackson [probably John, christened Sep 27]

John Parker 1, Alice Parker 1
Eskdale BURIAL, 1645 Jun 3: Alice Parker

Edward Stanley 2, Edward Stanley 1
WIGAN BURIAL, 1645 Oct 26 [from "The Registers of Wigan" vol 2, Lancashire Parish Register Society, 2001]: "Mr Stanley, a minister came from the Kings Army".
This appears to tie in with the following comment about the fifth son of Edward Stanley Esq. Of Dalegarth in the report of the visitation by William Dugdale, Norroy King of Arms, in 1666 [published in "Pedigrees Recorded at the Heralds' Visitations of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmorland" edited by Joseph Foster]: "Edward Stanley, a fellow of Qu. College in Oxford, died at Wigan, being wounded in fight in Cheshire, in the service of King Charles the first, martyr". [The Royalists had lost the Battle of Rowton Heath, in northern Cheshire, on 24 September 1645]

Eskdale BURIAL, 1647 Jun 11: Edward Stanley Esq.

Maria Stanley 1
Eskdale BURIAL, 1650 Apr 17: Mrs Maria Stanley

William Stanley 1
Eskdale BURIAL, 1655 Nov 13: Mr William Stanley

Eskdale BURIAL, 1658/9 Feb 12: John Parker, Minister

John Wilson 4, John Wilson 7?
Eskdale BURIAL, 1663 Apr ?12: child of Jo. Wilson of Brantrake

xxxx Thompson 1
Eskdale BURIAL, 1663 Jun 20: stillborn child of Will. Tomsone of Eshatfield

Robert Rawlinson 1, Edward Rawlinson 1
Eskdale BURIAL, 1663 Nov 2: Edward son of R. Rawlinson

William Jackson 2, John Jackson 3
Eskdale BURIAL, 1663/4 Feb 13: John son of Wilm. Jacksone of Red brow

Eskdale BURIAL, 1664 Apr ?3: Henery Bibby of Estatffeild

xxxx Dixon 1, John Dixon 2
Eskdale BURIAL, 1664/5 Jan 7: child of Jo. Dixon of Estetfield

James Wilkinson 1b
Eskdale BURIAL, 1668/9 Feb 3: James Wilkinson of Red Brow

Francis Tyson 1
Eskdale BURIAL, 1671/2 Feb 1: Francis Tyson

Nicholas Tyson 2, Ann Tyson 2
Eskdale BURIAL, 1671/2 Feb 5: Anna wife of Nicholas Tyson

Edward Stanley 3, William Stanley 3
Eskdale BURIAL, 1672 Apr 18: William Stanley, son of Edward Stanley

Robert Rawlinson 3
Eskdale BURIAL, 1672 Aug 7: Robert Rawlingson [i.e the curate's son]

Mary Dawson 1
Eskdale BURIAL, 1676/7 Jan 20: Mary Dawson of Estwaite field

Elizabeth Jackson 2
Eskdale BURIAL, 1677 Jun ?28: Elizabeth Jackson of Redbrow

John Wilkinson 2?
Eskdale BURIAL, 1679 Dec ?5: John Wilkinson of Redbrow

Eskdale BURIAL, 1680/81 Feb 2: John Dixon

Eskdale BURIAL, 1683 May 22: John Dixon

Henry Dixon 1?
Eskdale BURIAL, 1684 Jun 4: Henry Dixon

Elizabeth Wilson 1
Eskdale BURIAL, 1685 Jul 9: Elizabeth Wilson of Brantrake

Eskdale BURIAL, 1685/6 Jan 10: Henry Wilson

Eskdale BURIAL, 1688 Jul 10: William Thomson

Eleanor Wilson 1
Eskdale BURIAL, 1690 Oct 28: Ellinor Wilson

Isabel Stanley 4
Eskdale BURIAL, 1693 Dec 1: Mrs Isabell Stanley [died Nov 27, according to "The Ancient House of Curwen" by J.F. Curwen, page 164]

Eskdale BURIAL, 1697 Aug 15: John Wilson of Low Ground

Eskdale BURIAL, 1705/6 Mar 1: Henry Fisher

Eskdale BURIAL, 1710 Sep 19: John Jackson

Edward Tyson 2
Eskdale BURIAL, 1713/4 Jan 15: Edward Tyson of Austhwaite

Anne Parker 2
Eskdale BURIAL, 1715 Oct 24: Mrs Anne Parker

Eskdale BURIAL, 1715/6 Jan 5: Edward Stanley Esq.

Eskdale BURIAL, 1716 Apr 12: William Wilson

Eskdale BURIAL, 1716 Apr 17: Mr Thomas Parker

N...: National government business
This section includes a variety of matters in which the business of the national (at the time, English) government impinged upon the life of Austhwaite. Under this heading, in addition to obvious topics such as national taxes, I have included all information I can find about Austhwaite's part in the Civil War(s) of the 1640s.

Nb: National, general government business
A ragbag of documents from the National Archives and elsewhere

Henry Fisher 1?, John Lewthwaite 1, Thomas Wilson 4 ?, Edward Wilson 3 ?
The Names of all thosse that have taken & made the Prottestacone Accordinge to A Commande ffrom the Parliam't An'o Dom 1641 March 4th [i.e. 1642 New Style- taken from Carlisle Archive Office photocopy of original document in House of Lords Library]
Eshdale in Cumberland
John Vicars; Willm Vicars; Tho. Vicars; Christopher Vicars; Tho. Vicars'; Tho. Vicars; John Vicars; Rawlond Wilsone; Henry Hayle; Edward Hayle; George Hayle; Edward Vicars; John Vicars; Robert Vicars; John Dyconsone; Willm Dyconsone; John Vicars; Thomas Tysone; Nycho. Nycholsone; Tho. Nycholsone; Willm Tysone; Nycho. Wilsone; ?Edmund Wilsone; Tho. Kent; Henry Nycholsone; Willm Nycholsone; Willm Tysone; Thomas Pearsone; Willm Sharpe; Joseph Sharpe; John Tysone; Henry Nycholsone; Mathew Hartley; Nycho Nycholsone; Edward Woodeend; Eward Woodeend; John Woodend; Willm Hartley; Henry Hartley; Willm Dixsone; John Walker; Steven Nycholsone; John Wilkinsone; John Bowch; Willm Nycholsone; Willm Hartley; Henry Jacksone; Nycho. Tysone; John Wilsone
Birker
Edward Stanley Esq.; John Stanley Gentleman; Nycho. Sharpe; Robert Atkinsone; Henry Wilsone; Tho. Tysone; John Tysone; Thomas Tysone; Eward Tysone; Ffrancis Tysone; Willm Tysone; Thomas Tysone; Nycho. Tysone; Edward Wilsone; John Tysone; Edward Tysone; Henry Wilsone; George Inman; John Inman; Willm Singletone; John Woodeend; Edward Jacksone; Henry Jacksone; Robert Wilsone; John Dyconsone; John Wilsone; Robert Wilsone; Robert Mowsone; Tho. Mowsone; John Wilsone; Nycho. Mowsone; Robert Wilsone; Henry Ffysher; John Lewthat; Tho. Wilsone; Tho. Wilsone; James Wilkinsone; Henry Beeby; Tho. Jacksone; Tho. Dawsone; Tho. Tysone; Nycho. Tysone; Willm Jacksone; Willm Tomsone; John Sharpe; Willm Wilsone; Tho. Wilsone; John Wilsone; Willm Wilsone; John Hartley; Willm Hartley; Henry Wilsone; Henry Midletone; Christopher Hirdsone; Chr. Wilsone; Edward Wilsone; Robert Tomsone; Isaac Wilsone; Chr. Vicars; MIles Addysone; Chr. Shacklock; Tho. Wilsone
The Names of thosse that refused to come to make ye pr'testacone
Willm Porter Gentleman; Robert Wilsone
Churchwardens
Willm Dyconsone X his m'rke; Mathew Hartley ^ his m'rke; John Wilsone W his m'rke; John Woodend + his m'rke
Constables
Willm Nicholson; Henry Hayle v his m'rke
Overseers of the poor
John Vicars H his m'rke
John Parker
Curat' ibid

John Stanley 1
CHANCERY court case, 1648 [catalogue entry from National Archives, Kew, ref. C 3/434/54]: Plaintiffs: Hugh Jackson and other inhabitants of Birkby; defendant: John Stanley; subject: manor of Birkby, Cumberland. Document type: bill only

OFFICIAL BUSINESS [from "A genealogical and heraldic history of the commoners of Great Britain and Ireland" by John Burke, 1833, p688 (Appendix)]:
"Knights of the Royal Oak.
Gentlemen chosen by King CHARLES II to be invested with the Order of the Royal Oak, and the value of their respective estates, A.D. 1660. From a MS. of PETER LE NEVE, Norroy [King of Arms]. This order of knighthood, projected by the restored monarch to perpetuate the loyalty of his faithful adherents, was wisely abandoned, under the apprehension that it might perpetuate likewise dissensions which were better consigned to oblivion.
Cumberland [list of 8 names, out of a total of 687 names for England and Wales, includes:]
William Penington, esq. £1000
Edward Stanley, esq. £600"

OFFICIAL BUSINESS, 1671/2 Feb 27 [from catalogue entry, Kendal Archive Office ref. WDRY/5/1298]: letter from John Lamplugh to Edward Stanley, Dalegarth, about impressing seamen into the Navy.

OFFICIAL BUSINESS, 1671/2 Feb 29 [from catalogue entry, Kendal Archive Office ref. WDRY/5/1300]: memo "from John Lamplugh and Edward Stanley to [all Mayors, Sheriffs and other Officers in Cumberland]. Ordering them to furnish a list of all ships and of men employed upon them, in their ports, and to give all assistance and information for the purpose of impressing seamen."

GOVERNMENT document [from CWAAS Transactions, First Series v4, article pp346-]: All magistrates had to respond to three questions sent out on 25 Oct 1687 (1- If elected as an MP, would he support the removal of the penal laws and tests currently imposed on minority religious groups; 2- Will he support Parliamentary candidates who oppose the penal laws and tests; 3- Is he prepared to live in friendship with people of all religious persuasions). Among the Cumbrian magistrates, whose replies were submitted on 25 Jan 1688 at Penrith, was Edward Stanley Esq., of Dalegarth: "1- If I be chosen a member of Parliament I think my selfe obliged to refer my opinion concerning the taking away the Penal Laws and the Test, to the reasons that shall arrise from the debate of the House. 2- If I give my Interest for any to serve in the next Parlament, it shall bee for such as I shall think Loyall and well affected to the King and the established government. 3- I will live ffriendly with those of severall parsuasions as a loyal subject and a good Christian ought to doe." [another article, in CWAAS Transactions, 2nd Series vol. 38, pp180-, makes it clear that these were stock answers, given in identical form by several local magistrates]

OFFICIAL BUSINESS, 1688 Nov 8 [from the London Gazette, 5-8 Nov 1688]: List of "Sheriffs appointed by His Majesty for the Year ensuing" includes: "Cumberland, Edward Stanley Esq."
[NB King James II was deposed shortly after these appointments were made, so the London Gazette dated 14-18 March 1688/9 included a new list, approved by the new King William III. This, intriguingly, named for Cumberland "Sir Edward Stanley Bar". Our Edward never became "Sir Edward", and it seems likely that somebody has confused him with the late Sir Edward Stanley, baronet, of Ormskirk in Lancashire]

OFFICIAL BUSINESS, 1693/4 Mar 22 [from catalogue entry, Kendal Archive Office ref. WDRY/5/4713]: sender's copy of "letter from Sir Daniel Fleming to Edward Stanley at Dalegarth concerning the orders for registering seafaring men" [in connection with impressing seamen for the Navy]

OFFICIAL BUSINESS, 1694 Mar 29 [from letter 104 in "The Correspondence of Sir John Lowther of Whitehaven, 1693-1698", edited by D.R. Hainsworth] written by Lowther agent William Gilpn, who reports that he has the paperwork deputising him as a Vice Admiral with a warrant to impress seamen into the Navy, and also has "the instructions from Sir John Lowther to the dep. Lieutenants and justices of peace which were sent to me last week by Sir Daniel Fleming and Mr Stanley" which he will distribute as appropriate. [see Fleming's letter to Edward Stanley, 1693/4 Mar 22]

Nc: National, Civil War
So far, I have only found relevant information about the Stanleys, but there may be records somewhere which give more detail. See also +B: Burials.

John Stanley 1
CIVIL WAR document, 1644 Jan 20 [Old Style 1643. From the proceedings of the Committee for Compounding, etc., National Archives ref. SP 23/208 p236]:
These may certifye whom it may Concerne That Mr John Standley of Dalegarth in Cumberland Did willingly take the nationall Coven'nt in Lancaster the 20th of January 1643 in the pr'sence of us [signed] Nehe. Barnett pastor of Lancaster

John Stanley 1, Thomas Dawson 1a ?, John Parker 1
CIVIL WAR document, 1645 May 4 [from the proceedings of the Committee for Compounding, etc., National Archives ref. SP 23/208 p238]:
Theis are to testifie all Whom it may concerne, that the bearer heereof John Stanley of Dalegarth w'thin the p'ish of Millome & Countie of Comb'rland Gentleman
Did take the Nationall Covenant in the Church of Eshdall (being a parochyall Chappell for that p'te of the aforesaid p'ish where he liueth & whyther he constantlie resorts for his service of God upon Sonday the ffourth of May 1645
Witnes o'r handes the Day & yeare abouesaide [signed] Jo. Parker Cleric Minist'r ibid.
Churchwardens John + Willson his marke
Thomee z Dawson his marke

CIVIL WAR document, 1647 Mar 19 [Old Style 1646. From the proceedings of the Committee for Compounding, etc., National Archives ref. SP 23/208 p240]:
Cumbr. To the hon'ble Committee for compounding with delinquents
Wee humbly certifie that John Stanley of Dale-Garth gentl. hath taken the negative oath, and submitted himselfe to ordinance of parliament. And so fare as it is made appeare to us, the said Mr Stanley is possessed of tenant right land of the yearly vallue of nine pounds, and further that hee is possessed of lands of the yearly vallue of thirteen pounds and noe more neither of tenant right or other lands. Wee remaine
[signed] Henry Tolson vic Cumbr.
19 Martii 1646 [signed] Willm Dawson [?]
[signed] Jo. Barwis

CIVIL WAR document, 1647 Apr 3 [from the proceedings of the Committee for Compounding, etc., National Archives ref. SP 23/208 p234]:
To ye right ho'ble ye Committee of Composicions sitting at Gold-smithes Hall
The humble peticon of John Stanley of Dalegarth in ye County of Cumberland gent. sheweth
That yo'r pet'r adheared to ye Enemies of Parliam't & for that his delinquency his estate is become sequestred.
That he hath taken the Negative Oath & Couen't as by certificates anexed doth appeare
Wherefore hee humbly prayes to bee admitted to a ffauorable Composicion by this Committee
And hee will eu'r pray &c [signed] John Staneley
Rec'd 3 Aprill 1647
And referred to the Sub comittee [signed] Jo. Leech
[see Covenant certificates dated 20 Jan 1644 & 4 May 1645; Negative Oath certificate dated 19 Mar 1646]

CIVIL WAR document, undated, circa 1647 Apr 3 [from the proceedings of the Committee for Compounding, etc., National Archives ref. SP 23/208 p242]:
A true & just perticular of ye estate of John Stanley of Dale Garth in the County of Cumberland gent.
Hee is seized of an estate in Tennant Right of & in certayne lands tenem'ts & Hereditamn'ts lyinge & Beeing in ye parish of Dalegarth in ye County afores'd of ye yearly value in ye best times } 9£-00-00
Hee is seized of an estate for terme of his life in certayne other lands lying in ye County afores'd of ye yearly value in ye best times of 13£-00-00
He payes xx s rent to the Lord of the Mannor
This is a true & just perticular of all my estate both reall & personall for w'ch I desire to Compound & to free it from sequestrat'on & I doe heerby undertake satisfye & pay such fine as shall be set & imposed by ye Right Honorable Comittee
[signed] John Stanley

CIVIL WAR document, 1647 Oct 3 [from the Calendar of the proceedings of the Committee for Compounding, etc. General Proceedings, edited by Mary Ann Everett Green for H.M. Stationery Office]: Following intelligence reports that anti-Parliament delinquents in various counties, including Cumberland, are attempting to gather forces, the County Commissioners for Cumberland are ordered to arrest various named delinquents and recusants, and sequester their estates, then determine how much they owe in fines, the balance of which are to be paid within 14 days to finance the raising of forces for Parliament. The list of 44 names includes John Stanley (and several other south-Cumberland notables including Sir Wm. Huddlestone, lord of Millom).

CIVIL WAR document, 1649 Jan 28 [Old Style 1648. From the proceedings of the Committee for Compounding, etc., National Archives ref. SP 23/208 p232]:
John Stanley of Dalegarth in the County of Cumberland gent.
His delinquency That he adheared to the kings forces raised against the Parliament.
He petitioned here the third of Aprill 1647
He tooke the nacionall Covenant in Lancaster the 20th of January 1643 And againe in the Church of Eastdale in Cumberland the 4th of May 1645 And the negative oath before the Sherrife and Comittee of Cumberland the 19th of March 1646 As by sev'rall Certificates
He compounds upon a Particular delivered in under his hand By w'ch he doth submitt to such ffine &c And by w'ch it doth app're
That he is seised of an estate in Tennant right in certaine Lands and Tenem'ts in Dalegarth aforesaid of the yearly value before these troubles- 9£
And of an estate for his owne life by the guift of his father of certaine lands & Tenem'ts in Millam in the said County of Cumb'land of the yearly value of 13£
Out of w'ch he craves allowance of 20s p'r Annu' Quitt rent payd to the Lord of the Mannor.
[signed] 27 Jan 1648 Jo. Readinge, D Blackwell [?]
fine at a tenth 30£

[John Burke, A genealogical and heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 1; London, Henry Colburn, 1834]
The following, curious certificates are still in the possession of the Stanleys.
L. S.
Whereas it appeareth by certificate, under the hand of Mr. Leech dated 29 Jan. 1648 [1649 New Style], that John Stanley of Dalegarth in the county of Cumberland Esq. hath compounded and paide in and secured his fine, at the committee at Goldsmith's Hall: these are therefore to require you, on sight hereof, to forbear to offer any violence to his person or to any of his family, at his house at Dalegarth in the county of Cumberland, or to take away any of his horses or other things, they doing nothing prejudicial to the parliament or army.
Given under my hand and seal 1st Feb. 1648.
T. FAIRFAX.
To all officers and soldiers under my command.
L. S. Six quarterings.
Whereas John Stanley of Dalegarth in the co. of Cumberland esq. hath subscribed to his composition and paid and secured his fine, according to the direction of Parliament: these are therefore to require and command you to permit and suffer him and his servants, quietly to pass into Dalegarth abovesaid, with their horses and swords, and to forbear to molest or trouble him or any of his familie, there, without seizing or taking away any of his horses or other goods or estate whatsoever; and to permit and to suffer him or any of his family, at any tyme, to pass to any place, about his or their occasions, without offering any injury or violence to him or any of his family, either at Dalgarth, or in his or their travells, as you will answer your contempt, at your utmost perrils.
Given under my hand and seal this second of February, 1648.
O. CROMWELL.
To all officers and souldiers and all others whom these may concern.
"Letters and Speeches of Oliver Cromwell" reprints the Cromwell pass above, with the following comments by editor Thomas Carlyle:
Oliver's seal of ' six quarterings ' is at the top. Of course only the seal and signature are specially his but this one Pass may stand here as the sample of many that were then circulating, emblem of a time of war, distress, uncertainty and danger, which then was.
The 2d of February is Friday. Yesterday, Thursday, there was question in the House of ' many Gentlemen from the Northern Counties, who do attend about Town to make their compositions,' and of what is to be done with them. The late business that ended in Preston Fight had made many new delinquents in those parts; whom now we see painfully with pale faces dancing attendance in Goldsmiths' Hall,—not to say knocking importunately at doors in the gray of the morning, in danger of their life !

CIVIL WAR document, 1650 Jun 4 [from the Calendar of the proceedings of the Committee for Compounding, etc. 1647- June 1650, edited by Mary Ann Everett Green for H.M. Stationery Office]: John Stanley of Dalegarth pays his £30 fine, so his estate is discharged to him

CIVIL WAR document, 1651 Jun 17 [from the proceedings of the Committee for Compounding, etc., National Archives ref. SP 23/120 p171]: A further particul'r of the Estaite of John Stanley of Daylegarth in the County of Cumb'rland Gent. w'ch was never sequestred and w'ch he desires now to Compound for
He is seised in ffee of and in Certaine Lands at Middle forces in the said County of the yearely value of ten pounds } 10-00-00
He is seised in Ten'nt right of Certaine Lands in Millam Called Dalegarth and Eastthwaite of the yearely value of nine pounds } 09-00-00
He is seised of *parte* of the tyths of Esdale Wasdale and Wasdale head in the said County of the yearely value of ten pounds } 10-00-00
He is seised of other Lands called Brother hill Kill of the yearely value of ten pounds } 10-00-00
He is seised of Certaine Lands in Birkby in the said County of the yearely value of thirteene pounds six shillings and eight pence } 13-06-08
He is seised of Certaine Mills in Esdale & Easthwaite of the yearely value of six pounds } 06-00-00
This a true p'ticul'r of all my estaite uncompounded for & for which I now desire to Compound & I doe auerr yt I am not included in any exception of Parliam't neither haue I Comitted [page torn] of treason since the first of Ffeb 1648 [page torn].
Submitting to paye such fine as yo'r Hon [page torn]
The sd John Stanley maketh oath that the sd Lands were neuer sequestred but that he haith since his ffathers decease by himself & farmers under him bene in peaceable possession thereof & so were the first of this month of June. Jon. Stanley
Sworne before the Com'rs the 17th day of June 1651. [Initialled] RM

CIVIL WAR document, 1651 Jul 9 [from the Calendar of the proceedings of the Committee for Compounding, etc. 1647- June 1650, edited by Mary Ann Everett Green for H.M. Stationery Office]: John Stanley of Dalegarth begs the Government that he may compound for an additional estate which has come to him after April 1647, due to his father's death. The Committee for Compounding (and the local committee at Newcastle) cannot compound for this estate because it was "discovered before 18 Feb 1651, the date of the Parliament Order for the relief of the well affected in Cumberland." [original documents include particulars of the estate]

CIVIL WAR document, 1651 Aug 13 [from the Calendar of the proceedings of the Committee for Advance of Money, part III (H.M. Stationery Office)]: John Stanley of Dalegarth, appears on a list of delinquents still owing money, his assessment being £20 (Sir Wm. Huddlestone of Millom is assessed at £400).

CIVIL WAR document, 1652 Jan 2 [from the Calendar of the proceedings of the Committee for Advance of Money, part III (H.M. Stationery Office)]: Most of the remaining Cumberland delinquents owing money for fines, including John Stanley of Dalegarth, make a joint plea via their solicitor and ask that the business be settled through the Cumberland County Commissioners, to save them all having to travel to London. The Committee in London agrees this.

CIVIL WAR document, 1652 Mar 17-18 [from the Calendar of the proceedings of the Committee for Advance of Money, part III (H.M. Stationery Office)]: John Stanley is among those Cumberland delinquents whose assessed fines are discharged under the Act of Pardon (as is Sir Wm. Huddlestone of Millom)

Nt: National taxes
I hope to expand this section; for example, it may be possible to get more information about the 1674 Hearth Tax by examining the original document rather than the microfilm.

TAX list, 4 Charles 1?, c1628 [National Archives ref. E 179/90/51] lists Edward Stanley Esq. in the section for Bootle, Birkby etc., with assets worth £4; charge 32s (compare Joseph Pennington Esq. at Muncaster, with goods worth £10; charge £4)

Hearth TAX list, undated, apparently 1662 Michaelmas [Membrane 7, bottom (end of Ulpha listing)- bound photocopy and transcript (2 vols) by Audrey M.M. Sykes, 1983, on document search room bookshelves at Carlisle Archive Office, from National Archives, ref. 90/77- dated 1664 at Carlisle, but date here as given by National Archives]:
Birker & Estat
John Tyson 1; John Wilson 1; Henry Wilson 1; Thomas Tyson 1; Thomas Tyson 1; John Atkinson 1; Edward Wilson 1; John Tyson 1; Edward Jackson 1; John Wilkinson 1; John Inman 1; John Woodend 1; [probably Austhwaite starts here:] Henry Wilson 1; Henry Beebye 1; John Dickinson 1; John Wilson 1; John Smith 1; Willm. Thompson 1; Willm. Jackson ?1; Nicolas Tyson 1; ??Adam ????? [ILLEGIBLE]; Richard Wilson ?1; Henry Jackson 1; John Dickinson 1; John Dickinson ?1; Robert Wilson ?; Thomas ?Mawson ?1;l John Wilson 1
Sum ?????

HEARTH TAX, 1673 Sep 25 [National Archives ref. E 179/326/6]: Certificate of landholders under 20s yearly, with goods and chattels worth less than £10, and "not above two Chimneys, Fire-Hearths, and Stoves in them".
Millom parish, hamlets of Ulpha [not transcribed here] and 'Berker & Estart'
Widow Wilson NS; Elizabeth Tyson; Willm. Bowth; John Atkinson; John Diconson; wife of Ffrancis Tyson; Thomas Mowson; Henry Wilson; John Tyson; Henry Fisher; Willm. Wilson NS
by John Casson, Curate of Ulpha, and Christopher Sharp, churchwarden.
On behalf of the government, Edward Stanley and Ri. Patrickson sign to signify that they accept the list of 59 names given
[Image adapted from National Archives ref. E 179/326/6]
In the main listing for this Hearth Tax [National Archives ref. E 179/90/76, membrane 85] there is no gap between Ulpha and Birker, but the above certificated entries are at the end, apart from two Ulpha names apparently missed when copying (there are occasional small differences: John Diconson appears as Dixon; Thomas Mowson as Mawson). It seems likely that Edward Stanley Esq. heads the Birker/Austhwaite listing, but unfortunately, the order of the following entries does not match the manor court lists, and some names are anomalous (NB: all entries are listed with a single hearth except the first four, where the number is missing/illegible):
Edw. Stanley Esq.; John Wilson; Tho. Tyson; Nich. Sharpe; Edw. Wilson; John Tyson; John Inman; John Jackson; John Tyson; John Wilson; Willm. Thompson; Hen. Hartley; John Dixon; John Wilson; John Woodend

Q: county Quarter Sessions
The county of Cumberland was administered principally by the magistrates, meeting four times a year at the county Quarter Sessions. They oversaw a wide range of activities from law and order to the maintenance of key bridges.

Qb: Quarter Sessions, general

William Mawson 1
PETITION to county MAGISTRATES, 1711 Christmas sessions [Carlisle Archive Office, ref. Q11/Christmas 1711-12/8]: Petition of William Mawson of Birker: "That Whereas it hath pleased Almighty God to Inflict yo'r peticc'oner w'th a Canker in his Nose, w'ch if not Speedily Cured will, in all probability, make him incapable of getting a Livelyhood by his honest Endeavours: And he being a very poor man & not able of himself [to] Lay out money for ye Cure
May it therefore please yo'r hon'rs to grant yo'r poor peticc'oners yo'r Rec'omendatory Letters to ye Bishops of Chester & Carlisle [...]
The petic'on granted"
[I have assumed here that William is somehow connected to the Mawsons of Low Ground]

Qt: Quarter Sessions, taxes
The county levied taxes or "purveys" for the maintenance of major facilities and services. Many of those who had the highest tax liabilities were also, as magistrates, among those who decided those liabilities.

County TAX document, 20 Charles II (1668) Apr 1 [in Whitehaven Archive Office ref. D/Stan/3/8] "Whereas it doth appeare unto us by the Anntiant Purvey Roole that Mr Stanlay of Dailegarth was to pay sixpence to every purvey for his Estate in Milom p'ish and noe more but since the purvey beinge hightened one eight p'te of Mr Stanlayes p'porcion will com to one halfe penny more to eich purvey; Therefore in pursuance of the sd. Roole consideringe the alteracion of the purvey wee do Order that Edward Stanlay of Dailegarth afores'd Esq. pay to every purvey for what Estate he hath w'thin Millom p'ish affores'd the summe of sixpence halfe penny and noe more." ... William Hudleston, John Lamplugh

John Stanley 2, Edward Stanley 3 ?
County TAX document, 5 Ann (1706 New Style) Jan 2 [in Whitehaven Archive Office ref. D/Stan/3/8] "Upon complaint of Mr. John Stanley made to us, that he's overcharg'd w'th Two pence to the purvey, for his Milne at Linbeck in Eusthwaite: And we haveing heard and considered the same. Wee do hereby order that the sd. Mr.Stanley, shall only pay for his sd. Milne for the future, the sume of One penney to every purvey, to all Manner of Sesses, & no more." ... . Wm. Pennington, Edw. Stanley, John Ponsonby.
"We also order that the Destress taken from ye Sd. Mr. Stanley Milner, be upon sight hereof Redeleiver'd & paying his Sess."

County TAX document, 5 Ann (1706 New Style) Jan 2 [in Whitehaven Archive Office ref. D/Stan/3/8] "Upon complaint of Mr. John Stanley made to us, that he's overcharg'd w'th Two pence to the purvey, for his Milne at Linbeck in Eusthwaite: And we haveing heard and considered the same. Wee do hereby order that the sd. Mr.Stanley, shall only pay for his sd. Milne for the future, the sume of One penney to every purvey, to all Manner of Sesses, & no more." ... . Wm. Pennington, Edw. Stanley, John Ponsonby.
"We also order that the Destress taken from ye Sd. Mr. Stanley Milner, be upon sight hereof Redeleiver'd & paying his Sess."

Ed: Education / welfare
In later episodes, education and welfare will probably have separate sections, but you will see that when considering the records surviving from the Stuart period, there's not much to report under either heading. However, for education, see also the details about individual curates of Eskdale under +P.

Thomas Stanley 1, Edward Stanley 1
1616 Jun 14 [from "Alumni Oxonienses 1500-1714", compiled by Joseph Foster (1891)]: Thomas Stanley, eldest son of an Esquire of Cumberland (i.e. of Edward Stanley) matriculates to Queen's College, Oxford, age 17.

1628 Nov 21 [from "Alumni Oxonienses 1500-1714", compiled by Joseph Foster (1891)]: Edward son of Edward Stanley of Dalegarth matriculates to Queen's College, Oxford, age 16.

1631 Oct 20 [from "Alumni Oxonienses 1500-1714", compiled by Joseph Foster (1891)]: Edward Stanley of Dalegarth graduates B.A. at Queen's College, Oxford.

1634 Jun 25 [from "Alumni Oxonienses 1500-1714", compiled by Joseph Foster (1891)]: Edward Stanley of Dalegarth receives his M.A. and becomes a Fellow of Queen's College, Oxford (5s).

1635 Dec [from "The Queen's College" by John Richard Magrath, vol. 2 (1921) Appendix H]: Edward Stanley is elected a Grindal Fellow of Queen's College, Oxford. [Under the will of Edmund Grindal, born at St. Bees around 1519, who became Archbishop of Canterbury in 1575, Grindal Fellows, who must be "born or sprung" from Cumberland or Westmorland, received 20s per year in addition to the normal Fellow's allowance at Queen's College.]

1640 Jul 7 [from "The Queen's College" by John Richard Magrath, vol. 1 (1921) p255]: Edward Stanley is one of the two keepers of the Queen's College Oxford accounts (the Long Roll) for the year July 1640 to July 1641.

1642 Jul 7 [from "The Queen's College" by John Richard Magrath, vol. 1 (1921) p261]: Edward Stanley is one of the two keepers of the Queen's College Oxford accounts (the Long Roll) for the year July 1642 to July 1643.

1643 Jul 7 [from "The Queen's College" by John Richard Magrath, vol. 1 (1921) p261]: Edward Stanley is one of the two keepers of the Queen's College Oxford accounts (the Long Roll) for the year July 1643 to July 1644.

1642 Sep 10 [from "The Queen's College" by John Richard Magrath, vol. 1 (1921) p261]: Queen's College Oxford was temporarily dissolved in 1642 due to the outbreak of Civil War. On Sep 10, it was ordered that payments should be made to staff and fellows in lieu of their "commons" (board and lodging); most Fellows were paid for 7 weeks at 5s per week, but at the time, Stanley was absent in the north, so he was to be sent payment for 11 months [the accounts record £20 5s shared between three absent Fellows, which would work out at 5s per week each for 27 weeks].

Thomas Stanley 2, Edward Stanley 3
1681 Nov 3 [from "The Register of Admissions to Gray's Inn, 1521-1889" edited by Joseph Foster (1889)]: Thomas Stanley, son of Edward Stanley of Dalegarth, was admitted to the barristers' society of Gray's Inn, London.

EDUCATION and WELFARE, 1690 [from church presentments]: "Wee haue noe Hospitalls Alms Houses or Schooles publickly endowed within our Chapellary."
"Wee haue noe free schoolle. Wee haue a petty schoole and the master thereof is Lycensed. he is meett for that office both for his sober carriag as well as for learning. wee haue noe schoole master or any other person that doth Instruct or teach in any Privat House or Person that is not Lycensed"
"Wee haue noe midwife or Chirurgeryon or any that Practice any Physicke with us"

Thomas Parker 1?
EDUCATION, 1693 [from church presentments]: "Our schoolemaster is Lycensed by the Ordinary. he is meet for that office as well for his sober and honnest conversation' as for his learning and diligence"

EDUCATION and WELFARE, 1696[from church presentments]: "wee haue no Hospitall Alms House or Free schoole within our Chapellary"
"we haue a Priuat Schoole the master is Lycensed by the ordinary, he teacheth his schollars on the Church Catachism and he causeth them to our Parochiall Chappell on Sundayes and Holy dayes and they behaues themselues quietly and Reuerendly dureing Diuin servis & sermon"

EDUCATION, 1710 [from church presentments]: "Wee haue no schoole neither publick nor Priuat"

TI: Trade / Industry
A small and tantalising category. The business activities of the Stanleys need further investigation; in particular their long association with the Hechstetter mining dynasty of Keswick.

BUSINESS AGREEMENT, 12 Charles I (1636) Sep 24 [in Whitehaven Archive Office, bundle D/Pen/185]: Agreement between William Wright, gent., of Broham Castle, Westmorland, and William Pennington Esq., of Muncaster, for the building and running of an iron forge at Banckend [Muncaster Head]. Wright and another partner, Gawine Braythwaite Esq., of Ambleside, have already made a provisional agreement with Edward Stanley of Dalegarth and his son John Stanley to buy 25 trees for building work, "as is formerly agreed upon and allreadie marked and sett forth by John Marks" [?], yeoman of Cartmel, plus an area of the Stanleys' woodland sufficient to provide at least 3200 cords of timber [a cord is normally defined as a pile of timber 8ft long, 4ft high and 4ft wide, though there are local variants] for fuel etc. Pennington is to buy out Braythwaite's share.

BUSINESS PROTEST, c1643 [in the Leconfield archives, available to order via Whitehaven Archive Office, ref. D/Lec/Box 265/petitions to the Lord/73] John Parker's report to the Lord of the Manor of Eskdale and Wasdale, in support of a protest by local residents against a proposal by the Penningtons of Muncaster to buy most of the trees in the area to make fuel for their ironworks.

COMMERCE, 1697 Jun 16 [from letter 375 in "The Correspondence of Sir John Lowther of Whitehaven, 1693-1698", edited by D.R. Hainsworth]: The proprietors of an ambitious new iron forge at Cleator had attempted to use coal for smelting, but failed, so "they are now resolved to use wood, and the country affording very little they are endeavouring to buy up all as far as Dalegarth, and are also purchasing in Scotland."

COMMERCE, 1708 May 28 [from an article on old fair proclamations in CWAAS Transactions, New Series 34 (1934) p101; note that although the article implies the proclamation dates from 1698, it cannot, in this form, date from before 1708, when Edward Stanley acquired the May fair rights]:
"A PROCLAMATION FOR RAVENGLASS FAIR THE 28th DAY OF MAY.
Edward Stanley, Esq., present Lord of this Fair doth in her Majesty's name straightly charge and command all manner of persons resorting to this present Fair to keep the peace. Every Knight upon pain of Ten pounds, every esq., upon pain of Five pounds and every other person and partaker upon pain of Forty shillings. And that all persons which do here buy and sell, do buy and sell in open Fair and Market and not in corners and backsides, upon pain of forfeiture of such goods so bought and sold. And likewise that all persons which do hereby buy and sell do pay their tolls and stallages of right due and accustomed, and if any person or persons be injured or wronged during this present Fair let him or them so injured and wronged repair to the Lord of this present Fair or his Officers appointed for that service, and their grievance shall be heard, and they relieved according to equities and repairs.
God Save the Queen and The Lord of This Fair."

Henry Haile 1, Henry Haile 2
COMMERCE, 1715-10-15 [from letter 1181 in "An Exact and Industrious Tradesman: The Letter Book of Joseph Symson of Kendal, 1711-1720", edited by S.D. Smith (2002)]: Writing from Kendal, to "Mr. Henry Haile, over against Dalegarth", Symson refers to another letter (no. 1180 in the book) he has written the same day to Henry's son, Henry Haile junior of Bootle, about £14 owed by the latter to Mr John Wright and long overdue for payment (according to letter 1180, young Henry's mother, visiting Kendal on 29 July, had promised Symson the money would be paid at Bootle Fair on 29 August). Symson reminds Henry senior of his wife's promise, and that Henry junior also owes him (Symson) about as much again, regarding which he is not inclined to be helpful while the debt to Wright remains unapid.

Rf: Relationships / family
Although all the documents in this category relate to the Stanleys, the topic can apply to any family; all we need are a few household documents or letters.

Robert the shepherd
Among the Stanley documents in the Pennington of Muncaster collection is a notebook [Whitehaven Archives Office, in box D Pen/74a] which includes "A p'fect nott of what munyes is discharged of the debtes w'ch I undertooke to discharge ffor my ffather Anno Dom 1632". The compiler is presumably John Stanley,and the father Edward Stanley. Amounts are given in the traditional £ s d , and the first dated entry is 20 July 1632, but it is preceded by:
"Sr Richard Fletcher } 20 – 0 – 0
It. munyes w'ch was oweing to my Selfe as did appeare } 57 – 0 – 0
It. to Robart the Shepard } 0 – 16 – 0"
There are numerous entries for 1632, then the numbers dwindle year by year. There are no entries in 1642 or 1643, but usually one or two per year thereafter until 1650.

Isabel Stanley 4?
FAMILY BUSINESS, 1683 Nov 9 [from catalogue entry, Kendal Archive Office ref. WDRY/5/2720]: sender's copy of letter from Sir Daniel Fleming of Rydal, "to Madam Stanley at Dalegarth. If your uncle would give up convicting, teaching scholars, and taking of Tablers, attend the church service, and take the oath, he could live quietly in the country. If not, the magistrates must be inquiring after him" [This presumably refers to one of the Curwens]

FAMILY BUSINESS, 1684 Apr 26 [from catalogue entry, Kendal Archive Office ref. WDRY/5/2760]: Letter from Edward Stanley, Dalegarth, to Sir Daniel Fleming of Rydal, "proposing a marriage between their children"

D: general Descriptions
Descriptions of the Austhwaite area by contemporary travellers and historians

DH: descriptions, Historical

DESCRIPTION, 1671 [from "Description of the County of Cumberland" by Sir Daniel Fleming of Rydal (1671), edited by R.S. Ferguson (1889)]: Austhwaite (now called Dalegarth):- Constance the only daughter and heiress of Thomas de Austhwaite did bring this manor by marriage to Nicholas Stanley Esqre. In the time of King Edward third: his grandfather, John Stanley, was a younger brother of Wm. Stanley, lord of Stanley in Staffordshire; this manor has continued in their issue male ever since, the present owner thereof is Edward Stanley Esqre., whose arms are argent, on a bend azure, three stagg's heads caboss'd, or, with two cottizes vert.
NB: The description of Millom includes the following: "King Edward first gave license to Sir John Huddleston for to build Millum Castle, which stood until the late civil wars demolished it, and now in 1671 Ferdinando Huddleston Esqre., the present owner, is rebuilding it."

DT: descriptions, Topographical

A description of Dalegarth Hall [from "The History of the County of Cumberland" by William Hutchinson, 1794, p579]: "each beam is formed of the entire stem of an oak, and each step in the stair-case is a solid block of the same wood: this profusion is not to be wondered at, when we are informed that a squirrel could travel from Dalegarth to Hardknot mountain, by the tops of trees, the forest was so closely wooded. The old dining-room is 24 feet long, and twenty one feet wide; on the ceiling are the initials of the builder's name, etc. E, S, A, surrounded with figures of stags, hounds etc. in the stucco, with the date, 1599. In almost every window of the house, were the arms of the different branches of the family, blazoned in painted glass. Here was preserved a curious antique bed, of excellent workmanship, in oak, carved in various parts, with the arms of the family, quartering the arms of Awsthwaites"

DESCRIPTION, 1671 [from "Description of the County of Cumberland" by Sir Daniel Fleming of Rydal (1671), edited by R.S. Ferguson (1889)]: Eskdale:- here is a fair called Dodgskin fair, on every St. Katherine's day, or 25th day of November.

[from "A Perambulation of Cumberland, 1687-1688" by Thomas Denton, edited by Angus Winchester with Mary Wane]: "At the head of Esk river, 3 miles north-east from Mulcaster, stands a little parochiall chappell called Eskdale Chappell, being a member of St Bees, the mother church. And a little south of this chappell stands the mannor and capitall messuage of Dale-garth, a place so well sheltered with wood, at the foot of those prodigious high mountains, that it stands like a garth, or a grove, and the oakes growing there would make the largest and best timber in the countrey, being worth above 1,000 li."

Gb: Genealogy / biography
Having a hereditary right to bear arms, the Stanleys of Dalegarth were from time to time expected to provide genealogical information to the College of Arms. This was not, unfortunately, as detailed as it might have been, but it has formed the basis for various biographical summaries.

Thomas Stanley 0, Edward Stanley 1, Isabel Stanley 1
BIOGRAPHY summary [John Burke, "A genealogical and heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 1" (1834)]: "Thomas Stanley, esq. of Dalegarth, ... purchased, in 1577, the manor of Birkby, in the county of Cumberland, from his cousin-german, the Countess of Powis. He m. Isabel, daughter of John Leake, esq. of Edmonton, and was s. by his son, Edward Stanley, esq. of Dalegarth"

John Stanley 0, Margaret Stanley 0, Edward Stanley 1, Isabel Stanley 1, Thomas Stanley 0
Family summary & coat of arms [from "The Visitation of the County of Cumberland In the Year 1615, Taken by Richard St. George, Norroy King of Arms" edited by John Fetherston F.S.A. (Harleian Society, 1872)]
Stanley.
No. 2. STANLEY OF DALGARTH.
ARMS. 2. Quarterly of four:- 1 and 4. Argent, on a bend azure, cotised gules, three stags' heads caboshed or. 2 and 3. Gules, two bars and in chief three mullets argent, pierced of the field, over all a crescent for difference.
CREST. On a wreath or and azure a stag's head argent, attired or, gorged with a bar azure, and charged on the neck with a crescent for difference.
[NOTE: Quarters 1 & 4 contain the ancient arms of the Stanley family, with the small difference that the cotises have been changed from vert (green) to gules; quarters 2 & 3 contain the arms of the family of Awsthwaite. The phrase "for difference" indicates that the two crescents are only to appear on the version of the arms used by the current holder's heir.]
[From the pedigree, which may actually have been compiled much earlier, before 1591, as it does not mention the marriage of Edward:]
John Stanley of Dalgarth Esqr. = Margerett d. of Tho. Senhouse Esqr.
|
Thomas Stanley of Dalgarth = Issabell d. of John Leek of Wyarhall in the p'ish of Edmonton in Com. Midlesex Esqr.
Edward Stanley

Edward Stanley 1, Anne Stanley 1, Margaret Stanley 1, Anne Stanley 2, Bridget Stanley 1, Isabel Stanley 2, Thomas Stanley 1, William Stanley 1, Richard Stanley 1
[from "The History of the County of Cumberland" by William Hutchinson, 1794, p588]: Edward Stanley of Dalegarth, Esq., only son and heir of Thomas, married Ann, one of the daughters and coheirs of Thomas Briggs, of Cawmire, in the county of Westmorland." ... [Hutchinson also attributes the purchase of the Eskdale tithe rights to Edward, though other sources indicate that this was done by his grandfather]
[William Dugdale "Pedigrees recorded at the heralds' visitations of the counties of Cumberland and Westmorland ... 1666" edited by Joseph Foster (1891)]: children of Edward Stanley and his wife [accidentally called Isabell instead of Anne] are given as: "1. Margaret, wife of Joseph Hexeter, of Keswyke, in com. Westm. [sic]; 2. Anne, wife of Edward Crofts, of Appleton, in co. Ebor.; 3. Bridget, died un.; 4. Isabell, died un.; [1] Thomas, died unmarried; [2] John Stanley, of Dalegarth, Esq. [details given later]; 3. William, of Ponsonby, in com. Cumbr.; 4. Richard, died unm.; 5. Edward Stanley [details given later]

[from "The History of the County of Cumberland" by William Hutchinson, 1794, p588]: "John Stanley of Dalegarth, Esq., son and heir of Edward, married to his first wife Mary, daughter of Thomas Stanley of Lee, in the county of Sussex, Esq., and to his second wife, Dorothy, daughter of Henry Featherstonehaugh, of Featherstonehaugh, in the county of Northumberland, Esq.- He was an active and zealous royalist, and was heavily fined by the parliament, but afterwards his fine was mitigated." [Transcripts of the 1648/9 Cromwellian documents, with facsimiles of the signatures, are added as a footnote. Note that other information by Hutchinson about John should actually refer to his son Edward, so is omitted here.]

Edward Stanley 3, Isabel Stanley 4, Thomas Stanley 2, John Stanley 2, Isabel Stanley 5, Barbara Stanley 1
BIOGRAPHY, family summary [fromWilliam Dugdale "Pedigrees recorded at the heralds' visitations of the counties of Cumberland and Westmorland ... 1666" edited by Joseph Foster (1891)]:
The Stanley family at Dalegarth around the beginning of 1666 consists of Edward; his wife Isabell (eldest daughter of Thomas Carwen Esq. [=Curwen] of Sello Park [=Sella Park]); their son and heir John (aged 3 at 3 April 1665); their son Thomas; their daughter Isabell and their daughter Barabara.
[Note that at this Visitation, the Stanley arms are not quite the same colours as they were in 1615. The cottises flanking the bends in quarters 1 & 4 have changed back from gules to the traditional vert (green) and the collar on the stag has changed from azure to vert. Also, the piercings in the mullets of quarters 2 & 3 have changed from the field colour (gules) to or.]

John Stanley 2, Dorothy Stanley 3, Edward Stanley 5
[John Burke, A genealogical and heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 1; London, Henry Colburn, 1834]
John Stanley, esq. of Dalegarth, bought the rectory of Ponsonby, and the tithes and church lands thereunto belonging; with many other valuable estates in that parish. On his marriage, he built Ponsonby Hall, to which seat he removed in 1687 from Dalegarth, the ancient residence of the family. He wedded Dorothy, co-heiress of Edward Holt, esq. of Wigan, in the county of Lancaster, and had three sons,
Edward, his successor.
John, in holy orders, rector of Workington, who m. Clara, daughter of John Philipson, esq. of Calgarth, in the county of Westmoreland, and had a son, Edward, who m. Julia, daughter of John Christian, esq. of Unerigg, by whom she had several children.
Holt, a lieutenant in brigadier-general Wentworth's regiment of foot, d. unmarried, in the expedition against Porto Bello

BIOGRAPHY, to 1716 [from "The History of the County of Cumberland" by William Hutchinson, 1794, p588]: "Edward Stanley of Dalegarth Esq., the son and heir of John, married Isabel, eldest daughter of Thomas Curwen, of Sella Park, Esq.- He was high sheriff for the county of Cumberland at the revolution, and proclaimed King William."
According to the Manor Court Book for Austhwaite and Birker [Whitehaven Archive Office, ref. D/Pen/172], Edward died 1715/6 Jan 1.

Householders
The tenants / householders of properties in the manor of Austhwaite in Cumberland during approximately the Stuart and Cromwellian period of English history, starting with the earliest surviving list of tenants in the record of a session of the Manor Court (27 Oct 1609) and ending with the aftermath of the death of Edward Stanley, Lord of the Manor (buried in Eskdale church, 5 January 1716)- the precise end date, 4 Jun 1716, is the day his will was proved.
Information sources for the attribution of a householder to a given property at a given time can be found by clicking the icons; needless to say, given the patchy survival of documents, and the near-invisibility of sub-tenants, a fair amount of guesswork is involved. The actual location of the main sources is Whitehaven Archive Office, references being as follows:
Manor court rolls to 1715: bound together in a large brown portfolio at ref. D/Pen/74a
Rentals and related charges (townterm and forest meale): account book in box D/Pen/74a
Eskdale parish register: on microfilm; also modern transcripts and full-size photographic copy on the library shelves. NB: For an attempt to transcribe the near-illegible entries 1625-29, see the excellentfivenine.co.uk website.
However, two other Church sources, useful for later years, are at Carlisle Archive Office: Bishop's Transcripts of parish registers, and church Presentments (reports to the diocese): ref. DRC 6/61

Dalegarth
The home of the Stanley family, lords of the manor of Austhwaite (also, since the late 16th century, of neighbouring Birkby; in this timeline you will see their acquisition of other properties during the 17th century, leading ultimately to their abandonment of Dalegarth).
Dalegarth c1903, with the rearmost range as a barn

Dalegarth- 0 but ...
The Lord of the Manor didn't have to pay himself rent for his own estate, but there are a couple of points to bear in mind. First, the Stanleys may have let out part of their personal estate on a normal leasehold basis, as they did in later centuries. Second, the Stanleys might owe some dues to a higher Lord- the lord of the Manor of MIllom. Although Civil War records suggest this was 20s per annum, I have not, so far, found references to any such dues in old Millom manorial records (Carlisle Archive Office, ref. D/Lons/W8/12/10, D/Lons/W8/ 12/59, D/Lons/W8/12/72 and others). In the early 17th century, the lords of Millom were the Huddlestons.

[formally E.S. Esquire]; MANOR COURT 1609 to 1631 [1609-1619 with spelling Standley]; PROTESTATION RETURN 1642; BURIAL, 1647 Jun 11

[formally J.S. Esquire]; BURIAL, 1647 Jun 11 of John's father Edward Stanley; GENERAL FINE 1648; MANOR COURTS 1649 to 1651; [BURIALS 1651-54 missing]; WILL proved 1652 May 11

[formally E.S. Esquire]; WILL proved 1652 May 11 of Edward's father John; MANOR COURTS 1663 to 1713; MANOR COURT BOOK death notice 1716 Jan 1 (beginning of book; as 1715 Old Style)

[formally J.S. Esquire; note that John may never have lived at Dalegarth following his succession]; MANOR COURT BOOK death notice 1716 Jan 1 for John's father Edward (beginning of book; as 1715 Old Style) and subtitle indicating that John is the new lord of the manor.

Red Brow
Normally divided as two holdings, rent 5s each per year, Townterm 7s 6d each every seventh year, Forest Meale 11.5d each ?every year

Redbrow- 5s
This half of Redbrow is designated Redbrow 1 for the purposes of this presentation. NB: In Tudor times, Redbrow seems to have been a single estate, rent 10s, known as Low Place.

Edward Troughton 1
SURRENDER

Edward Troughton 2
SURRENDER 1610 Nov 7 by E.T. son and heir of late E.T.

Henry Morland 1
SURRENDER 1610 Nov 7 [Court TENANT LISTS 1611 and 1612 omit HM, but from 1615 (to1631) HM is listed in connection with this or other half of Red Brow]

Court TENANT LISTS 1621 and 1629 [omitted 1628]. BURIAL, 1629 Apr 15

Court TENANT LISTS 1630 to 1651 [omitted 1631]. RENTALS 1639 to 1655 [but omitted 1640 to 1651]. PROTESTATION RETURN 1642. GENERAL FINE 1648. TOWNTERM 1650. FOREST MEALE 1652 to 1654

John Wilkinson 2
HEARTH TAX 1662 Michaelmas

Isabel Jackson 1, William Jackson 2
Court TENANTS LIST 1663 to 1668 [Isabell/Isabella]; 1671 to 1688 [William, by his wife's right- however William actually died 1684]. ADMINISTRATION BOND 1684 [Isabell and daughter are William's executors]

Isabel Jackson 1
ADMINISTRATION BOND 1684 [Isabell and daughter are William's executors]. TOWNTERM 1685

Mercy Jackson 1, Thomas Jackson 5
MARRIAGE 1688 May 5: Thomas Jackson and Marcy Jackson, assumed as point when they took over from Marcy''s mother. [Court TENANTS LIST 1688 still lists William Jackson, presumably referring to Marcy's late father]. TOWNTERM 1699 to 1720 [Thomas]. Court TENANTS LIST 1706 [Marcy]. GENERAL FINE 1715 [Marcy]. RENTAL 1722 [Marcy]

Redbrow- 5s
This half of Redbrow is designated Redbrow 2 for the purposes of this presentation. NB: In Tudor times, Redbrow seems to have been a single estate, rent 10s, known as Low Place.

Court TENANT LIST 1609 to1612

John Tyson 1, Henry Morland 1
Court SURRENDER 1615. TENANT LIST 1615 to 1621

Henry Morland 1
ADMINISTRATION BOND 1623/4 Mar 1. Court TENANT LIST 1628, 1629, 1631 [omitted 1630]

Christopher Dande 1
RENTAL 1639 Nov (2s 6d)

in Lord's hand?
RENTAL 1640 May: omitted

PROTESTATION RETURN 1642 [noted as "milner"]. GENERAL FINE 1647. Court TENANT LISTS 1649 to 1685. RENTALS 1649 to 1665 [omitted 1643, 1644, 1651; "Edward Wilson" 1650]. TOWNTERM 1650 to 1685. FOREST MEALE 1652 to 1665 [over erased "Edward Wilson" 1653]. Variants Henrie/Henrey; Wilsone/Willson

Elianor Wilson 1
INVENTORY of late Henry Wilson (buried 1685/6 Jan 10) confirms he was of Redbrow; ADMINISTRATION BOND to his widow Elianor, 1685/6 Feb 18, Court TENANTS LIST 1688: omitted; Eskdale BURIAL of Ellinor Wilson, 1690 Oct 28

Church PRESENTMENTS 1683 (omitted 1690); PETITION to Magistrates to licence his house at Red Brow for worship, 1694 Jan 10; TOWNTERM 1699 ["Jos."]

Nicholas Nicholson 1
TOWNTERM 1706 to 1720. GENERAL FINE 1715. [omitted from Court TENANTS LIST 1706]

Milkingstead Mire
A single holding, rent 8s per year, Townterm 12s every seventh year, Forest Meale 1s 11d ?every year

Milkingstead Mire- 8s
The "Mire" part of the name was later dropped! Some land of this estate was north of the River Esk, apparently because the river had changed course.

widow Beby 2
Court TENANT LISTS 1609 to 1611: widow of Nicholas Beby

Court TENANT LISTS 1611 to 1663. RENTALS 1639 to 1655 etc. [Other spellings: Beeby, Beebye, Bibby, Bybby, Bibie]

Henry Hartley 1, Henry Beeby 1 ?
Court TENANT LIST 1663. BURIAL 1664 Apr xx of Henry Bibby

Court TENANT LISTS 1664 to 1680 [noted as alienated] [erased 1685]

Eskdale CHRISTENING 1680 Mar 22 (son of John D. of M.); Eskdale BURIAL 1681 Feb 2 (John D.); Eskdale VERDICT, 1682 Apr 21 against Ann Dixon, widow, tenant of property in Austhwaite bordering Eskdale; Court ADMISSION 1685- heir of John Dixon

Eskdale BURIAL 1681 Feb 2 (John D.); Eskdale VERDICT, 1682 Apr 21 against Ann Dixon, widow, tenant of property in Austhwaite bordering Eskdale; TOWNTERM 1685; Court ADMISSION 1685- heir of John Dixon

Edward Dixon 1
Court ADMISSION 1685. Court TENANT LIST 1688

Edward Dixon 1, Henry Haile 1
Eskdale COURT VERDICT 1694 Apr 27; (Henry Haile at Milkingstead) [This is probably the Henry Haile who in later years acted as an administrator for the Stanleys; if he is the same Henry who held Dawson Place in Eskdale, he may here have been acting in an official capacity as guardian of young Edward.]; TOWNTERM 1699 (Edward Dixon liable, as he had been in the 1680s)

Edward Dixon 1, Thomas Jackson 4
Eskdale CHURCH ACCOUNTS 1699 (names Tho. Jackson of Milkinstead myre); TOWNTERM 1699 (Edward Dixon liable, as he had been in the 1680s)

William Poole 1 (=Pow )
TOWNTERM 1706 to 1720. Court TENANT LIST 1706. GENERAL FINE 1716

Howhow
A single holding, rent 14s per year, Townterm 21s every seventh year, Forest Meale 2s 5d ?every year. Variant spellings include Howe Powe.

Howhow- 14s
Later renamed "Forge", but the original name may refer to the rocky summits which loom over the farm buildings.

Court TENANT LISTS 1609 to 1631; RENTALS 1639 TO 1644; PROTESTATION RETURN 1642

In Lord's hand?
GENERAL FINE 1648

Thomas Jackson 2, John Dixon 2
(aka Thomas Jackson senior and John Dixon, infant) Court TENANT LISTS 1649 to 1651; RENTALS 1649, 1650 (as Thomas Jackson only); TOWNTERM 1650 (as Thomas Jackson only)

John Wilson (?= John Dixon 2)
RENTAL1651 May

Thomas Jackson 3, John Dixon 2 ?
Court TENANT LIST 1651 Sep (Thomas Jackson senior noted as dead); RENTAL 1651 Nov to 1653 May (as Thomas Jackson only); FOREST MEALE 1652 to 1653 (as Thomas Jackson only).

Court TENANT LISTS 1651 Sep (Thomas Jackson senior noted as dead); RENTALS 1653 Nov to 1665 (spelled Dickson to 1655); FOREST MEALE 1654 to 1665; TOWNTERM 1664. On HEARTH TAX 1662 apparently as John Dickinson.

Henry Dixon 1, John Dixon 2
SURRENDER 1681 Jun 3; BURIAL of John 1683.

Henry Dixon 1
SURRENDER 1681 Jun 3; BURIAL of John Dixon 1683.

TOWNTERM 1685 Nov 11 to 1699; WILL 1705. Omitted from Court TENANT LISTS

Isaac Stevenson 1
Father's WILL 1705. TOWNTERM 1706, 1713; GENERAL FINE 1716; SURRENDER 1721. Omitted from Court TENANT LIST 1706.

Swordhouse
Split into two holdings by the 17th century: one large (rent 9s per year, Townterm probably 13s 6d every seventh year, Forest Meale 1s 6d ?every year), one small (rent 3s per year, Townterm 4s 6d every seventh year, Forest Meale 6d ?every year)

Swordhouse- 9s
Designated Swordhouse Large for this presentation, although we won't be learning much about it, because it became a private estate of the Stanley family in the 17th century.

Court TENANT LISTS 1609 to 1621

James Wilkinson 1a, Edward Morland 1 ?
Court TENANT LISTS 1628 and 1630 [but George Wilkinson 1629]. Court SURRENDER 1631 Jul 27

Edward Morland 1
Court SURRENDER 1631 Jul 27. Court TENANT LIST 1631

In Lord's hand
RENTAL 1639. Absent from all later documents, but probably the unnamed estate which Edward Stanley records in his will (1652) as acquired from Henry "Maudlyn".

Swordhouse- 3s
Designated Swordhouse Small for this presentation

Henry Wilkinson 1
Court TENANT LISTS 1609 to 1615. Court SURRENDER 1615

Henry Pearson 1
Court TENANT LISTS 1615 to 1619. Court SURRENDER 1615

Nicholas Dixon 1
(also spelled Dickson) Court TENANT LISTS 1621 to 1631 [1621 as Nichall Dixon senior]. WILL 1634

heirs of Nicholas Dixon 1
WILL 1634

Thomas Dawson 1a
RENTALS 1639 to May 1651; Court TENANT LISTS 1639 to 1651 [marked as dead, 1651]

in Lord's hand?
Court TENANT LIST 1651 [tenant marked as dead]; RENTAL 1651 Nov [omitted]

Thomas Dawson 2
RENTALS 1652 TO 1655 [omitted from rental 1651 Nov]; FOREST MEALE 1652 to 1654

John Dawson 1
Court TENANT LISTS 1663, 1664 [marked as dead 1664]. TOWNTERM 1664

Emmot Dawson 1
(aka widow Dawson) RENTAL 1665 May; FOREST MEALE 1665.; SURRENDER 1685 Nov 13

Edward Dawson 1
Court TENANT LISTS 1665 to 1680. Court SURRENDER 1685

Henry Wilson 2 (junior)
Court TENANT LISTS 1685,1688. TOWNTERM 1685 [as Henry Wilson junior]

Edward Tyson 2
Court TENANT LIST 1706; TOWNTERM 1699 to 1713; BURIAL 1714 Jan15; WILL 1714

Joyce Tyson 1 (widow)
WILL 1714

Anne Meales 1, Lawrence Meales 1
GENERAL FINE 1716

Cragg
A single holding, house location uncertain (probably a short distance north-west of Fieldhead); rent 6s per year, Townterm 9s every seventh year, Forest Meale 1s 5d ?every year.

Cragg- 6s
Probably named after a particularly distinctive crag which can be seen from the road past Field Head.

with another farm?
Court TENANT LISTS 1609 to 1615, omitted; 1618, name added late [NB: This tenement had existed in the time of Thomas Stanley, so it was not newly created in 1618]

Court TENANT LISTS 1618 [name added late], 1621 [noted as dead]; omitted 1619

Thomas Tyson 4b
Court TENANT LISTS 1621 [noted as dead] to 1651 [noted as dead]; RENTALS 1639 to 1651; GENERAL FINE 1648

Nicholas Tyson 1, Thomas Tyson 5
Court TENANT LISTS 1649 to 1651 [Thomas noted as dead]; RENTALS 1649 to 1652 May; TOWNTERM 1650

RENTALS 1652 Nov to 1655; FOREST MEALE 1652 to 1654; BURIAL 1658 Nov 7

BURIAL 1658 Nov 7; HEARTH TAX 1662 Michaelmas; Court TENANT LISTS 1663 to 1665; TOWNTERM 1664; RENTAL 1665; Court SURRENDER 1668

Court SURRENDER 1668; Court TENANT LISTS 1668 to 1688; TOWNTERM 1685 to 1706

Thomas Tyson 8 ?
TOWNTERM 1706 lists John Tyson. Court TENANT LIST 1706 lists Thomas instead of John, and removes a Thomas Tyson from Brantrake. TOWNTERM 1713 restores a Thomas Tyson to Brantrake, and lists Leah Saterthwait (whose husband, tenant of Windy Gap, seems to have died at some time before 1704) at Cragg.

Leah Satterthwaite 1
TOWNTERM 1713; GENERAL FINE 1716

Fieldhead
Normally held as a single holding, rent 6s per year, Townterm 9s every seventh year, Forest Meale 1s 7d ?every year; but from about 1628 to 1634 divided equally between two ?brothers.

Fieldhead- 6s
The name suggests that this was the last estate up the valley, but...

Henry Jackson 3, William Jackson 1
Court TENANT LISTS 1628 to 1631 [also, apparently wrongly, RENTAL 1640, which is the only document showing the rent divided in two equal portions; RENTAL 1639 lists William only, paying the whole rent]; WILL of Henry, 1634 Dec 9

WILL of Henry Jackson, 1634 Dec 9, leaving his half of the property to his 3 daughters; there is no evidence that they retained this for any significant time; RENTALS 1639 to 1655; Court TENANT LISTS 1649 to 1651 [except 1640]; Court SURRENDER 1663

William Thompson 2, William Jackson 1
(Thompson as tenant, but Jackson as occupier) Court SURRENDER 1663; Court TENANT LISTS 1663, 1664; TOWNTERM 1664

William Thompson 2 ?, William Jackson 1
Thompson only listed at Windy Gap in: FOREST MEALE 1665; Court TENANT LISTS 1665, 1668; RENTAL 1665

Court OFFICIALS 1668; Court TENANT LISTS 1671 to 1680; BURIAL 1682 [illegible, cSep]; ADMINISTRATION BOND 1682-09-29

Isabel Fisher 1 (widow)
ADMINISTRATION BOND 1682-09-29; Court TENANT LIST 1685 [as Henry Fisher's heir]; TOWNTERM 1685

Court TENANT LIST 1688; TOWNTERM 1699; BURIAL 1706 Mar 1

Isabel Fisher 1, William Fisher 1
Henry Fisher's legal heir in the ADMINISTRATION BOND 1706 appears to have been his mother Isabel- William was probably a cousin; Court TENANT LIST 1706 (William); Court VERDICT 1708 (Isabel); TOWNTERM 1713 (William); GENERAL FINE 1716 (William)

Windy Gap
A single holding, house location uncertain (probably east of Fieldhead); rent 7s 10d per year, Townterm 11s 9d every seventh year, Forest Meale 1s 9d ?every year.

Windy Gap- 7s 10d
The odd rental figure for this property suggests that it may be a late addition or expansion, carved from rough land once thought not worth cultivating. Although I have not yet established where the farmstead was, the name implies that it was somewhere rather exposed to the elements!

Court TENANT LISTS 1609 to 1611 [1611 noted as dead]

heir of John Thompson 1
Court TENANT LISTS 1611 [John Thompson noted as dead] to 1618 [1618 noted as "Wm"]

Court TENANT LISTS 1618 to 1649; RENTALS 1639 to 1643; GENERAL FINE 1648

Thomas Dawson 1b, William Thompson 3
RENTALS 1649 and 1651 [listing Dawson as acting for Thompson, paying 2s rent for half-year]; RENTAL 1650 [listing Thompson paying 2s rent for half-year]; TOWNTERM 1650 [listing Thompson]

William Thompson 3 (and ??)
(Various spellings inc. Tompson) Court TENANT LIST 1651; RENTALS 1652 May and ?Nov [paying 3s rent each half-year; omitted from RENTAL 1651]; FOREST MEALE 1652 [paying 1s 3d]

RENTALS 1653 to 1665 [paying 3s 11d rent each half-year]; FOREST MEALE 1653 to 1665 [paying 1s 9d, except 1653- 19d (possible mistake)]; TOWNTERM 1664 to 1685; Court TENANT LISTS 1663 to 1685; BURIAL 1688 Jul 10. (Various spellings inc. Tomson, Thomson; Tompson).

Agnes Hartley 1, Robert Hartley 1
Court ADMISSION 1688. See also WILL of Agnes' father William Thompson, proved 1689 May 2

Church PRESENTMENTS 1696, 1797; TOWNTERM 1699; Church PRESENTMENTS 1704 (absent)

John Garner 1 (=Garnet)
TOWNTERM 1706 to 1720 [as Garnet]; Court TENANT LIST 1706 [as Garner]; GENERAL FINE 1716 [as Garner]

Marshall House
A single holding, house location uncertain (probably east of Brantrake); rent 6s per year, Townterm 9s every seventh year, Forest Meale 1s 5d ?every year.

Marshall House- 6s
The significance of the name may never be known.

Court TENANT LIST 1609 to 1615; Court SURRENDER 1615

John Willson 2a
Court TENANT LIST 1615; Court SURRENDER 1615

John Willson 2b (junior)
Court TENANT LISTS 1618 to 1621 [probably identical with the John Willson of 1615, but possibly his son]

[Could this return to the Sharpes have been a repossession?] Court TENANT LISTS 1628 to 1651 [noted as dead 1651]; RENTALS 1639 to 1653 ?May; FOREST MEALE 1652

Thomas Sharpe 1
RENTALS 1653 Nov to 1655; FOREST MEALE 1654; BURIAL 1658 Sep 27

?Lord, for Isabel Sharpe 1
BURIAL of Thomas Sharpe, 1658 Sep 27; Court ADMISSION 1663

John Smith 2, Isabel Smith 1
HEARTH TAX Michaelmas 1662; Court ADMISSION 1663 [which implies that Isabell Smith, nee Sharpe, was still a minor in 1662] [Unfortunately, marriage records for Eskdale are very poor from about 1650 to 1664]

Isabel Smith 1, John Smith 2
Court ADMISSION 1663; Court TENANT LISTS 1663 to 1674 [Isabell]; TOWNTERM 1664 [John]; FOREST MEALE 1665 [John]; RENTAL 1665 [John]; Court SURRENDER 1680

Isabel Smith 1?, Robert Stevenson 2?
Court SURRENDER 1680 [giving date of transfer from Isabell and John Smith to Robert and Jacob Stevenson as 15 Feb 1674 Old Style (i.e. 1675); but if the 4 was a copying error for 9, that would give 1679 Old Style (i.e. 1680) which would fit the court entry better]

Robert Stevenson 2, Jacob Stevenson 1
Court SURRENDER 1680 [giving date of transfer from Isabell and John Smith to Robert and Jacob Stevenson as 15 Feb 1674 Old Style (i.e. 1675); but if the 4 was a copying error for 9, that would give 1679 Old Style (i.e. 1680) which would fit the court entry better]; Court TENANT LISTS 1680 to 1688

TOWNTERM 1699 [NB: Date Jacob ceased to be co-tenant is pure guesswork]; WILL of Robert Stevenson of Howhow 1705, leaving residue to Isaac Stevenson

Court TENANT LIST 1706; WILL of Robert Stevenson of Howhow, proved 1705 Oct 22, leaving residue to Isaac Stevenson; TOWNTERM 1706 [naming next tenant]

Edward Pearson 1
TOWNTERM 1706; Court SURRENDER 1708 Mar 24

John James 1
Court SURRENDER 1708 Mar 24

Court SURRENDER 1708 Mar 24; BURIAL 1716 Apr 12

BURIAL 1716 Apr 12 [William Wilson senior]; Court ADMISSION 1716; see also William senior's WILL, 1716 Jun 4

Brantrake
Usually two or three holdings in the 17th century: one with Rent 9s per year, Townterm 13s 6d every seventh year, Forest Meale 1s 6.5d ?every year; the other also with rent 9s per year but often divided into two portions (rent 6s per year; rent 3s per year).

Brantrake- 9s
Designated Brantrake 1 for this presentation.

William Willson 2
Court TENANT LISTS 1609 to 1619; [it is possible that the holding was shared with Edward Nicholson from about 1618, but I have assumed that he held the large portion of the other half of Brantrake instead]

Thomas Nicholson 1a, William Wilson 2 ?
Court TENANT LISTS 1621 to 1629 [Wilson's name omitted except 1628]; [it is possible that the holding was shared with Edward Nicholson until about 1629, but I have assumed that he held the large portion of the other half of Brantrake instead]

Court TENANT LISTS 1630, 1631; BURIAL 1632 Aug 27 [possibly another William]

BURIAL 1632 Aug 27 [possibly not related to this William, so this William may be the same William as at Brantrake in 1630]; RENTALS 1639, 1640; PROTESTATION RETURN 1642; BURIAL 1643 Mar 8

widow Wilson 1
BURIAL 1643-03-08; RENTAL 1643 [as "wife" of William Wilson]

RENTALS 1644 to 1651 May [absent 1651 Nov]; Court TENANT LISTS 1649 to 1651 [1651 noted as dead]

RENTALS 1652 to 1655

HEARTH TAX 1662 Michaelmas; Court TENANT LISTS 1663, 1664; TOWNTERM 1664

FOREST MEALE 1665; RENTAL 1665; Court TENANT LISTS 1665, 1668

Court TENANT LISTS 1671 to 1688; [NB if this Edward Wilson was the Edward who lived at Brotherilkeld, see BURIAL 1695 Feb 14]

Edward Tyson 4b, Eleanor Tyson 1
TOWNTERM 1699 to 1713; Court TENANT LIST 1706 [with wife Elianor]; GENERAL FINE 1716

Brantrake- 9s
Designated Brantrake 2 for this presentation. At times, it was further divided, so I have called the subdivisions Brantrake 2 Large (B2L)- rent 6s, and Brantrake 2 Small (B2s)- rent 3s.

Court TENANT LISTS 1609 to 1615 [NB: As the only clue to what William held is his position in these lists, we cannot be certain that he ever occupied all of Brantrake 2, but that seems the likeliest scenario for this short period]

Court TENANT LISTS 1618, 1619 [based on the assumption that Edward Nicholson occupied the larger portion of Brantrake 2 at this time]; WILL 1619 Aug 13

William Pearson 1, Thomas Nicholson 1b?
Court TENANT LISTS 1621, 1628 [naming Thomas Nicholson in apparent connection to Brantrake]; Court SURRENDER 1629 May 16 [William Peirson of Eskdale surrenders a tenement in Austhwaite, rent 3s, to Thomas Nicholson]

Thomas Nicholson 1b, George Nicholson 1
Court SURRENDER 1629 May 16 [William Peirson of Eskdale surrenders a tenement in Austhwaite, rent 3s, to Thomas Nicholson, to be occupied by Thomas' father George Nicholson for life]; Court TENANT LIST 1629

Thomas Nicholson 1b, Thomas Wilson 1?
Court TENANT LIST 1630 [lists Thomas Wilson in the place occupied by George Nicholson in the 1629 TENANT LIST; Thomas Nicholson was presumably still the owner]; BURIAL of George 1631 May 18; WILL of George 1631 May 31 [apparently written the day of his death, and describing him as "of Brantrake"] [my guess would be that George was too infirm to manage the land on his life holding, so it was sublet to Thomas Wilson]

Thomas Nicholson 1b, Thomas Wilson 1?
Court TENANT LIST 1630 [lists Thomas Wilson in the place occupied by George Nicholson in the 1629 TENANT LIST; Thomas Nicholson was presumably still the owner]; BURIAL of George 1631 May 18; Court TENANT LIST 1631 lists Thomas Nicholson only, but TENANT LIST 1639 lists Thomas Wilson only

RENTAL 1639

William Wilson 3 (with B1)
RENTAL 1640; BURIAL 1643 Mar 8

BURIAL of William Wilson,1643 Mar 8; RENTAL 1643

Edward Nicholson 1 ?
Court TENANT LISTS 1618 to 1629 [1629 noted as dead; omitted 1628; none of the lists makes it clear which farm Edward held]

in Lord's hand?
[Court TENANT LISTS 1630, 1631 are unfortunately ambiguous]; RENTAL 1639 [omits this holding]

Thomas Wilson 2 ?
RENTAL 1640 [Thomas pays 3s rent, rather than 1s 6d as in 1639]; BURIAL of William Wilson 1643-03-08

Nicholas Tyson 2a
FOREST MEALE 1665; RENTAL 1665

William Thompson 4, Nicholas Tyson 2 ?
Court TENANT LISTS 1665, 1668 [but see RENTAL 1665 and Court TENANT LIST 1671]

Nicholas Tyson 2b
Court TENANT LISTS 1671 to 1685

Richard Tyson 2 (?= Nicholas Tyson 2)
TOWNTERM 1685 Nov 11 [but Court TENANT LISTS, 1671 to 1688, including 1685 Nov 13, name Nicholas Tyson]

Nicholas Tyson 2c
Court TENANT LISTS 1685, 1688

Thomas Tyson 9a

William Wilson 7, Thomas Tyson 9 ?
TOWNTERM 1706 (Tyson); Court TENANT LIST 1706 (Wilson); TOWNTERM 1713 (Tyson)

Thomas Tyson 9b
TOWNTERM 1713, 1720; GENERAL FINE 1716

Corn Mill (on Linbeck)
Not a customary tenement, and maintained as a community resource. Hardly any records give the slightest hint of the millers' names in the 17th century.

Linbeck cornmill- ??
A community resource, not a customary tenancy. The millers do not appear in customary rent lists.

Hartley family?
Although the Corn Mill on Linbeck is frequently mentioned in manor court records, the miller was not, in that capacity, a customary tenant of the manor, so does not appear in TENANT LISTS, RENTALS etc. However, it is possible that the millers were traditionally tenants of nearby Seedhill, which see for further details.

Walkmill (on Linbeck)
Rent 8s; divided as two holdings in the late 16th century: the larger with rent 5s 4d per year; the smaller with rent 2s 8d. By the 17th century this division appears to have ceased, although there are occasional signs that it may have persisted after a fashion (see 1611 and 1630). The 1647/8 General Fine indicates that there was a house with the mill. Attempts were made to levy 12s Townterm (1650 and 1664), but this seems to have been incorrect. Forest Meale was never levied.
This ruin by Linbeck may be the Walkmill

Walkmill- 8s
The Walk Mill (fulling mill) may be the ruin by Linbeck a short distance uphill from the remains of the corn mill

James Woodend 1
Court TENANT LISTS 1609, 1610 [both of which indicate that Woodend is dead] [his name is given in Latin as Jacobus]

John Pearson 1a
Court TENANT LIST 1611 [also lists James Woodend again, still dead]

John Pearson 1b
Court TENANT LISTS 1612 to 1629 [presumably the same as John Pearson in 1611]

John Pearson 1b, William Hartley 1 ?
Court TENANT LIST 1630 [includes Hartley as a late addition; he is omitted in 1631]

William Hartley 1
RENTALS 1639 to 1643 [no tenant in RENTAL 1644]

Thomas Hartley 1
[no tenant in RENTAL 1644]; GENERAL FINE 1648; ADMISSION FINE 1650 Jul 1; Court SURRENDER 1650 Sep 5; [Thomas BURIAL 1650 Oct 27]

Isabel Hartley 1
(also spelled Elzabell) ADMISSION FINE 1650 Jul 1; Court SURRENDER 1650 Sep 5 from her father Thomas Hartley; [Thomas BURIAL 1650 Oct 27]; RENTAL 1651 May [as Ezabell Hartley]

Isabel Robinson 1, John Robinson 1
[RENTAL 1651 May as Ezabell Hartley]; [MARRIAGE records missing for 1651 to 1654]; Court TENANT LIST 1651 Sep [as Isabell Hartley, crossed out and Robinson inserted]; RENTALS 1652 Nov to 1655 [John Robinson]; Court TENANT LISTS 1664 to 1668 [as Isabella Robinson] and 1671, 1674 [as John Robinson (by wife's right- marked as dead)]; BURIAL 1675 Feb 11 of John Robinson's wife [page damaged, first name missing]

Elizabeth Robinson 1
Court TENANT LIST 1680 as (blank) Robinson's wife; Court SALE NOTICE 1685 [by Elizabeth Robinson- no accompanying man mentioned, suggesting that she was an unmarried woman old enough to be independent; John Robinson of Linbeck had a daughter Elizabeth CHRISTENED 1661 cMay]

William Pearson 2 (or Robinson)
Court SALE NOTICE 1685 [Elizabeth Robinson to William Pearson]; Court TENANT LISTS 1685, 1688 [as William Robinson]

In Lord's hand?
Absent from all manor documents after 1688, but rented out by the Stanleys by 1723, probably just as land

Seedhill / Gill
Thomas Stanley's list of income from each tenement, c1580, shows a holding at Linbeck (separate from the Walk Mill) with a rent of 20d per year, held by John Hartleye. The oldest surviving manor rental, in 1639, shows a holding in about the same position with a rent of 1s per half-year (held by John Hartley- almost certainly not the same person); the General Fine of 1648 names this as Seedehill (also spelled Seedhill). Later rentals, and the General Fine of 1716, show further generations of the Hartley family continuing to hold the tenement at a rent of 2s per year. It is possible that the Hartleys, like the 18th-century Hartleys of Eskdale, were corn millers (see Linbeck Mill) and used land in Linbeck Gill to provide some essential resources. However, rentals from 1722 onward do not list Seedhill, but instead include an item called "Gill rent" of 2s per half-year (i.e. 4s per year). As with the Walk Mill, attempts were made in 1650 / 1664 to levy Townterm (3s).

Seedhill / Gill- 2s
The identification of the Elizabethan tenement "Linbecke" (annual rent 20d) with the 17th century "Seedhill" (rent 2s) and the early 18th century "Gill" (rent 2s) is based largely on the related names of the first and third, and the common rent of the second and third. Presumably it was a patch of low-grade land, with some sort of house on it, up the valley of Linbeck.

Richard Hartley 1 ?
[Court TENANT LISTS 1609 to 1619 list no person associated with this tenement, and omit Richard Hartley; however:]; Court JURY LISTS 1609 to 1619 always list Richard Hartley. See introduction to this property; and next tenant entry after 1619.

Court TENANT LIST 1621 [lists Richard Hartley, noted as dead]

John Hartley 1a
Court TENANT LISTS 1628 to 1631; BURIAL 1637 Apr 17 [possibly a different John Hartley]

John Hartley 1b
BURIAL 1637 Apr 17 [possibly not relevant, so this may be the same John Hartley as in 1631]; RENTALS 1639 to 1644; GENERAL FINE 1648; ADMISSION FINE 1649 Jun 10

William Hartley 2
ADMISSION FINE 1649 Jun 10; Court TENANT LIST 1649

William Hartley 2 and ?
Court TENANT LIST 1651; RENTAL 1652 May; [some RENTALS 1650 to 1652 assign this tenancy to the wife of (blank) Hartley (1651) / wife of John Hartley (1652 Nov). This is almost certainly a matter of confusion with the tenancy of Isabel Hartley/ Robinson at neighbouring Walkmill]

RENTALS 1653 to 1665; Court TENANT LISTS 1663 to 1668; Court ADMISSION 1671

Janet Hartley 1, and Lord's hand?
Court ADMISSION 1671 [Jannet Hartley to half the tenement]; Court TENANT LISTS 1671 to 1706; Court ADMISSION 1713

x Hartley- fictitious?
[BURIALS for the administrative year 1712-13 are missing, but it seems probable that the last known heir of William Hartley died about this time]; Court ADMISSION 1713 [(blank) Hartley as son and heir of the late William Hartley]; GENERAL FINE 1716 [as (blank) Hartley]; [this unidentified son is probably a legal fiction, given that a female heir was admitted to half of the tenement in 1671; presumably after waiting the due time, he was declared dead, allowing the Lord to take over the tenement]

High Ground
Four holdings in the 17th century: each with Rent 3s 4d per year, Townterm 5s every seventh year, Forest Meale 6.5d ?every year. Occasionally, two holdings were held by the same person, and for a while, a single holding seems to have been divided between female heirs. Because the rents for all four portions were the same, and the gaps between information sources sometimes cover several years, the lines of tenant succession may ocasionally get crossed. High Ground, also apparently called Farhey, was in the area geographically known as Birker (but not in the original Manor or township of Birker).

High Ground- 3s 4d
Designated High Ground 1 for this presentation, and for much of the time amalgamated with High Ground 2.

Court TENANT LIST 1609

(Thomas son of Thomas) Court TENANT LISTS 1610, 1611

Thomas Tyson 2, Richard Tyson 1
Court SURRENDER 1612, rent 6s 8d [damaged, but Richard, the new tenant, is probably Thomas's son]; Court TENANT LISTS 1612 [which lists both], 1615 [which lists Thomas only], 1618 to 1621 and 1629 [which list both, suggesting that Thomas continued to occupy the property] [1628 TENANT LIST, oddly, omits the Tysons]

Richard Tyson 1 ?
Court TENANT LIST 1629; Court SURRENDER 1629, rent 6s 8d

Robert Wilson 1 ?
Court SURRENDER 1629, rent 6s 8d

wife Wilson 3, wife Tyson 1
Court TENANT LISTS 1630, 1631 have the wife of John Tyson and the wife of Edward Wilson at this point [also TENANT LIST 1628, but NOT 1629]; BURIAL 1636-11-09 of Edward Wilson's wife

Robert Wilson 3b
RENTALS 1639 TO 1644; GENERAL FINE 1648 [naming location as Hye Ground]; GENERAL FINE LATE CHANGE 1649 May 10

Agnes Tyson 1, Francis Tyson 1, Robert Wilson 3c
GENERAL FINE LATE CHANGE 1649 May 10 [names location as Farheey; new tenant as Annas Willson, now wife of Francis Tyson]; Court TENANT LISTS 1649 to 1651 (and 1663 onward) [naming Francis only]; RENTALS 1649 to 1655 [naming Robert Wilson only, specified in 1652 as R.W. senior]; TOWNTERM 1650 [naming Robert Willson senior]; FOREST MEALE 1652 to 1654 [naming Robert Willson]

Agnes Tyson 1, Francis Tyson 1
Court TENANT LISTS 1663 to 1671 [naming Francis Tyson, crossed out and replaced by Ann in 1671]; RENTAL 1665 [naming Francis Tyson]; BURIAL of Francis, 1672 Feb 1; ADMINISTRATION BOND 1672 Apr 26, to Agnes Tyson, widow

Agnes Tyson 1 (widow)
BURIAL of Francis Tyson, 1672 Feb 1; ADMINISTRATION BOND 1672 Apr 26, to Agnes Tyson, widow; Court TENANT LISTS 1671, 1674 [as Ann]; HEARTH TAX EXEMPTIONS 1673

Agnes Tyson 1, Thomas Tyson 7
Court TENANT LIST 1680 [Ann is tenant, but user is T.T.; Court SURRENDER 1681 Mar 8 [Agnes Tyson to her son Thomas Tyson]

Court SURRENDER 1681 Mar 8 [Agnes Tyson to her son Thomas Tyson]; Court TENANT LISTS 1685 to 1706; TOWNTERM 1685 to 1706

Edward Jackson 1
TOWNTERM 1713; GENERAL FINE 1716 [confirms same Edward owns two holdings at High Ground]

High Ground- 3s 4d
Designated High Ground 2 for this presentation. Amalgamated with High Ground 1 for much of the time.

GENERAL FINE LATE CHANGE 1649 May 10 [states Edward is heir to this holding; names location as Farheey]; Court TENANT LISTS 1649 to 1651 [noted as dead 1651]; RENTALS 1649 to 1651

wife Tyson 2
Court TENANT LIST 1651 [notes Edward as dead]; RENTALS 1652 to 1653 May (Edward's wife)

Robert Wilson 3c (with H1 share)
RENTALS 1653 Nov to 1655

Richard Wilson 1, Thomas Tyson 6, wife Tyson 2 ?
HEARTH TAX 1662 [names Richard Wilson]; Court TENANT LISTS 1663 to 1668 [naming Thomas Tyson]; FOREST MEALE 1665 [R. W.]; RENTAL 1665 [R.W.]. BUT: TOWNTERM 1664 omits both and names wife of Edward Tyson, so she may still have had widow's occupation right

Court TENANT LISTS 1665 to 1674; BURIAL 1675 Jan 23

BURIAL 1675 Jan 23 of Thomas Tyson; Court TENANT LISTS 1680 to 1706; TOWNTERM 1713

Thomas Tyson a
(aka Thomas Tyson of Highground) GENERAL FINE 1716; TOWNTERM 1720

High Ground- 3s 4d
Designated High Ground 3 for this presentation.

Janet Nicholson 1, Henry Jackson 1, wife Wilson 2
Court SURRENDER 1618 by John Wilson to Edward Nicholson and his wife Jenet [presumably as at Brantrake; hence they seem to have let their holding here to Henry Jackson]; Court TENANT LISTS 1618 to 1631 [1618 as John Wilson, with Jackson added late; 1621 Wilson noted as infirm; 1628 indicates that Wilson's holding was by right of his wife; 1628 names Edward Jackson and his wife Eliz., but amends to Henry]; BURIAL 1635 Jul 3 of John Wilsone's wife

Henry Jackson 2 ?
BURIAL 1635 Jul 3 of John Wilsone's wife; RENTALS 1639 to 1665; Court TENANT LISTS 1649 to 1674; Court SURRENDER 1674 (This seems very late to be Henry Jackson 1, as does the spate of christenings of a Henry Jackson's children around 1640, so there is probably a generation change somewhere)

Court SURRENDER 1674; Court TENANT LISTS 1680 to 1706; BURIAL 1710 Sep 19

Jane Jackson 1, John Jackson 5
BURIAL 1710 Sep 19 of John Jackson senior; ADMINISTRATION BOND 1710, to Jane Jackson, widow; Court ADMISSION 11 Feb 1713 of John Jackson as heir of his father John [presumably on his coming of age]; TOWNTERM 1713 Nov [naming widow Jackson, which suggests that she retained a widow's right but that young John had disposed of his interest in the holding; she is presumably the Jane Jackson of BURIAL 1716 Mar 19]

William Tyson 2
GENERAL FINE 1716 [note this was in January 1716, before the death of Jane Jackson, but she had no part in payment of the Fine]; TOWNTERM 1720

Designated High Ground 4 for this presentation.

William Dickinson 1
(also spelled Dickson) Court TENANT LISTS 1609 to 1618 [1618 adds John above line]

(also spelled Dickeyson / Dyconsone) Court TENANT LISTS 1618 to 1688 [1618 adds John above line]; BURIAL 1689 Feb 16; [there are presumably at least two generations of John Dickinson involved here, but as yet I cannot distinguish any point of change]

Edward Dickinson 1
BURIAL 1689 Feb 16 of John Dickinson; TOWNTERM 1699; [TOWNTERM 1706 has John Dickinson, but this seems to be a mistake]; Court TENANT LIST 1706

Edward Jackson 1b
Court TENANT LIST 1706 [Dickinson crossed out, replaced by Jackson]

Low Ground
Four holdings in the 17th century: each with Rent 4s 6d per year, Townterm 6s 9d every seventh year, Forest Meale 8.5d ?every year. Occasionally, two holdings were held by the same person, and for a while, a single holding seems to have been divided between female heirs. Because the rents for all four portions were the same, and the gaps between information sources sometimes cover several years, the lines of tenant succession may ocasionally get crossed. Low Ground, earlier known as Low Hey, was in the area geographically known as Birker (but not in the original Manor or township of Birker).

Low Ground- 4s 6d
Designated Low Ground 1 for this presentation; sometimes amalgamated with other holdings.

Thomas Proctor 1
Court TENANT LISTS 1609 to 1629; Court SURRENDER 1630

Robert Wilson 4a (junior)
Court SURRENDER 1630; Court TENANT LISTS 1630, 1631; RENTAL 1639

Robert Wilson4b (bailiff)
RENTALS 1640 to 1655 [Robert Wilson omitted, except 1652 when he is listed with no rent liability]; [see also L2b for this period]; PROTESTATION RETURN 1642 [lists 3 Robert Wilsons in Austhwaite]; GENERAL FINE 1648 [Robert Wilson, bailiff, pays the fines for Lowground 1 and 2]; Court TENANT LISTS 1649 to 1651; TOWNTERM 1650

Robert Wilson 4b (bailiff)
HEARTH TAX 1662; Court TENANT LIST 1663; BURIAL 1664 May 25

BURIAL 1664 May 25 [of older Robert Wilson?]; TOWNTERM 1664; RENTAL 1665; Court TENANT LISTS 1664 to 1668; BURIAL 1670 Aug 7

Court TENANT LISTS 1671 to 1706; TOWNTERM 1685 to 1713; GENERAL FINE 1716; Out-of-Court SURRENDER 1716 May

Janet Tyson 1, John Tyson 4
Out-of-Court SURRENDER 1716 May [Edward Wilson to his daughter]

Low Ground- 4s 6d
Designated Low Ground 2 for this presentation; sometimes amalgamated with other holdings. Also briefly subdivided to create a Low Ground 2b (yearly rent 2s 3d).

Robert Wilson 3a (senior)
Court TENANT LISTS 1630,1631; RENTAL 1639

wife Wilson 1
RENTALS 1640 to 1655 [paying 1s 1d or 1s 2d half-yearly rent- i.e 2s 3d yearly on average]; FOREST MEALE 1652 to 1654 [paying 4d]; [it seems likely that this lady was entitled to a widow's share until she died or remarried]

John Wilson 5a (glover)
Court TENANT LISTS 1671 to 1688; BURIAL, 1697 Aug: [John Wilson of Low Ground- may be the wrong John Wilson- see LG1]

William Tyson 1
BURIAL, 1697 Aug 15 [John Wilson of Low Ground- may be the wrong John Wilson- see Lowground 4]; TOWNTERM 1699 to 1713; Court TENANT LIST 1706

GENERAL FINE 1716; TOWNTERM 1720

Low Ground- 4s 6d
Designated Low Ground 3 for this presentation. Sometimes amalgamated with Low Ground 4.

Court TENANT LISTS 1609 to 1619 [and TENANT LIST 1621, appearing to show new tenants for part of the property]

(Also spelled Mowson) Court TENANT LISTS 1621 to 1631; RENTALS 1639 to 1644; [PROTESTATION RETURN 1642 lists Robert and Tho. Mowsone in residence]; BURIAL 1645 May 2

John Mawson 1
(Also spelled Mowsone) BURIAL 1645 May 2 of Robert Mawsone; GENERAL FINE 1648; Court SURRENDER 1649

Thomas Mawson 1
Court SURRENDER 1649; RENTALS 1649 to 1665; Court TENANT LISTS 1650 to 1688; BURIAL 1690 Feb 5 of Thomas' wife Grace; [NB: For a short period, Lowground 3 and 4 were treated as a single holding with joint tenants; see FOREST MEALE 1652 to 1654, where Mawson pays for both, and RENTALS 1654, where Mawson and John Wilson are listed together, paying 4s 6d per half-year between them]

Church PRESENTMENTS 1693, churchwarden; TOWNTERM 1699, 1706; Court TENANT LIST 1706; [BURIAL records do not survive for administrative year 1712-13]; Court ADMISSION 1713 Feb 11

John Mawson 2, widow Mawson 1
[BURIAL records do not survive for administrative year 1712-13]; Court ADMISSION 1713 Feb 11 [John as son and heir of Robert]; TOWNTERM 1713, 1720 [widow Mawson]; GENERAL FINE 1716 [John]; RENTAL 1722 [John]

Designated Low Ground 4 for this presentation. Sometimes amalgamated with Low Ground 3.

Robert Wilson 2, William Wilson 4
Court TENANT LISTS 1621, 1629

John Wilson 3, and Lord's hand?
Court TENANT LISTS 1630, 1631 appear to list no tenant here; RENTAL 1639 lists John Wilson [so perhaps he was a young heir of Robert or William Wilson, his estate administered by the Lord of the Manor until he came of age]

RENTALS 1639 to 1655; [NB: For a short period, Lowground 3 and 4 were treated as a single holding with joint tenants; see FOREST MEALE 1652 to 1654, where Thomas Mawson pays for both, and RENTALS 1654 (where Mawson and Wilson are listed together, paying 4s 6d per half-year between them) and 1655 (where Wilson pays 4s 6d for a half-year and Mawson is omitted)]; HEARTH TAX 1662; Court TENANT LISTS 1663 to 1688; BURIAL 1695 May 5 [may be the wrong John Wilson- see Low Ground 2]

BURIAL 1695 May 5 [may be the wrong John Wilson- see Lowground 2]; TOWNTERM 1699

Richard Mawson 1
Court TENANT LIST 1706; TOWNTERM 1713, 1720; GENERAL FINE 1716

Eskdale Chapel
The chapel of St. Catherine, on the north bank of the River Esk, served Austhwaite and Birker, although they technically belonged to Millom parish. I have given details of the lives of the various curates who served here, but when this project is expanded to include Eskdale, such information will be moved to Beckfoot, which is where the chapel's clergy have lived from time out of mind. Note also that one of the two churchwardens was always chosen from south of the river (i.e. Austhwaite or Birker). Paradoxically, thanks to the Dissolution of the monasteries by King Henry VIII, the Stanleys of Dalegarth had been able to acquire the right to the tithes of agricultural produce in Eskdale (north of the river), but not the tithes in their own manor of Austhwaite, which remained firmly in the control of Millom parish.

Eskdale chapel
The chapel of St. Catherine in Eskdale was used by the people of Austhwaite (and Birker) purely for convenience- technically, they were in the parish of Millom.

William Singleton 1
Admitted as curate of Eskdale on 25 Jul 1578 [from the Borthwick Institute, York, ref. V.1578-9 (Visitation Book), via http://ccedb.cch.kcl.ac.uk]; he may be the William Singleton whose son, also William, paid the fee for admission to his late father's estate at the annual audit in August 1627 [Whitehaven Archive Office, ref. D/Lec/314/43], in which case he was probably one of the several people whose burial entries in autumn-winter 1626 in the Eskdale parish register are illegible; the baptism of a child of William's successor, John Parker, appears in the parish register, 1627 Sep 4

The baptism of a child of John appears in the parish register, 1627 Sep 4; in 1649 there was no minister in Eskdale, [Commonwealth Survey (Lambeth Mss. Survey, vol ii), quoted in"The Ejected of 1662 in Cumberland and Westmorland..." by B. Nightingale, 1911] although John was still alive, and later returned; he was probably too vocal in his support of the Royalist cause in the 1640s

vacant
In 1649 there was no minister in Eskdale, [Commonwealth Survey (Lambeth Mss. Survey, vol ii), quoted in "The Ejected of 1662 in Cumberland and Westmorland..." by B. Nightingale, 1911] although John Parker was still alive, and later returned; he was probably too vocal in his support of the Royalist cause in the 1640s

Appointed 22 July 1654, pursuant to an order made 20 July [Lambeth Mss. (Plund. Min.) 997, quoted in"The Ejected of 1662 in Cumberland and Westmorland..." by B. Nightingale, 1911]:

As John Parker seems to be the "priest Parker" who opposed early Quaker William Wilson [from "The First Publishers of Truth" edited by Norman Penney, 1907] shortly before his death in 1659 [Eskdale BURIAL, 1658/9 Feb 12], it seems likely that he had returned to the role of curate in Eskdale.

Robert Rawlinson 1
Eskdale CHRISTENING 1662 Oct 16: son of R. Rawlinson of Beckfoot; other parish register entries; witness on Birker purchase deed [Whitehaven Archive Office, ref. D/Stan/3/28]; named as curate in the will of Nicholas Hartley of Eskdale, who died Sep 1675 there is an odd break in the Eskdale parish register between christening entries dated 11 June & 25 June 1676

Laurence Parke
The Hearth Tax exemption certificate for Eskdale and Wasdalehead, 21 Sep 1673 [National Archives, ref. E 179/326/6], was compiled by Laurence Parke, in the capacity of Minister, with the help of the then churchwardens. He may have been an assistant to Robert Rawlinson, or standing in temporarily; he is not listed in the Church of England clergy database, so possibly he never completed his training.

There is an odd break in the Eskdale parish register between christening entries dated 11 June & 25 June 1676. Wilson signs the Bishop's Transcript of the 1676 christenings & marriages [in Carlisle Record Office, ref. DRC 6/61].

Admitted as curate of Eskdale 1684 Sep 4 [from Chester Record Office, ref. EDV 2/10A (Exhibition Book): 1691, via http://ccedb.cch.kcl.ac.uk ]; burial record in Eskdale parish register, 1716 Apr 17

vacant
Burial record for Mr Thomas Parker in Eskdale parish register, 1716 Apr 17; Chester diocese record 1716 Jun 1 [Lancashire Record Office, ref. DRCh/9 (Exhibition Book): 1716 via Clergy of the Church of England Database http://www.theclergydatabase.org.uk ]

Tonguescale

timeless places
To avoid overlapping householder names when you separate the two halves of the time slider, you can untick the "Householders" folder and tick this folder instead, which will reveal a set of unlabelled house icons. To go back to normal, just tick "Householders" and untick this folder. Please note that this simplified set of icons ignores combined tenancies (e.g Low Ground 1+2).

Dalegarth

Redbrow 1

Redbrow 2

Milkingstead Mire

Howhow

Swordhouse L

Swordhouse s

Cragg

Fieldhead

Windy Gap

Marshall House

Brantrake 1

Brantrake 2

Corn Mill

Walk Mill

Seedhill/ Gill

High Ground 1

High Ground 2

High Ground 3

Low Ground 1

Low Ground 2

Low Ground 3

Eskdale chapel

introductory material

Dalegarth
Welcome to the real Austhwaite, the township on the south side of Eskdale in Cumberland, between Linbeck, Devoke Water and Birker Beck (as opposed to Austhwaite the role-playing game locale). This presentation may end up as Episode 3 of an interactive history of Austhwaite in six or more parts, but parts 1 and 2 will probably be produced last, in a couple of decades' time.
Before we go any further, though, here's a fundamental question: is Austhwaite really Austhwaite? As the Norse settlers who coined the term became absorbed into English society, their 'Aust' (modern Danish & Norwegian 'Øst') was replaced by the standard English version 'East', and most documents referred to in this timeline before the 1650s use spelling variants on 'Eastwhaite'. The reversion to the older form is, I suspect, part of a larger story, to be explored in future episodes ...
You'll see from the timeline that we are currently in the year 1603 of the Common Era. Although little information survives about Austhwaite in the first few years of the 17th century, there are a couple of things which need mentioning in 1605, so the timeline is loosely based on the Stuart era of English history (which began with the death of Queen Elizabeth I on 24 March 1603). Maintaining the two-year lag, we will not end with the death of Queen Anne on 1 August 1714, but with the aftermath of the death of Edward Stanley of Dalegarth, Lord of the Manor of Austhwaite- the precise end date, 4 Jun 1716, is the day his will was proved.
Now a couple of pre-launch tips: first, if there appeared to be crags bursting through the yellow opening text, you should go into Tools- Options and set your Elevation Exaggeration to 1; second, I recommend you to click the + magnifier on the timeline a couple of times. Then, close this balloon and move the time slider to June 1603 to see teasers for some later episodes:

Introduction- 1

Introduction- 2

CLICK ICON!
"Click" means click once; if you double-click, you'll find strange things happening, like the two halves of the time-slider separating (just push the left part back to meet the right part and move the rejoined slider back to the right date if this happens).
Clicking any icon will open an information balloon. The icon you clicked to open this balloon is, like all solid rectangular icons in this presentation, actually an Event icon; code "MC" normally indicates the Manor Court sessions. All Events are presented next to the icons for the Households involved, unless this is impractical- the Manor Court icon and others which cannot be attached to particular households will always appear in this top-left area; icons relating to Events affecting neighbouring manors will appear just within the boundaries of those manors. Event icons nearly always remain visible for 5 months, to make time-sliding easier.
For a guide to the icon codes, see the Places menu, which you will find immensely useful if you learn to use its sub-menus and tickboxes. For example, Event balloons include, at the bottom, a list of the relevant people, who can be searched for with "Find in My Places" (the reading-glass icon below the Places menu).
Anyway, this screen shows the icons for each Household in 17th century Austhwaite, with their farm names (which will be replaced in later years by Householder names) and annual customary rents. Clearly there are far more (and far smaller) units than in the 1910 Land Tax- the houses in reality clustered together, not evenly spaced. I've kept visible the 1910 farm boundaries (vivid orange) and my guesses at the other boundaries between named farms in earlier centuries (semi-transparent orange), but I recommend un-ticking "Bounds-1910" in the Places menu before you make your next time slide. If you have un-ticked "Contours", you might wish to re-tick it, to provide a less cluttered background.
Your next timeslide after closing this balloon, to February 1605, will reveal some "retrospective events" associated with Dalegarth and the Eskdale chapel, as a prelude to the Exploration....

Land use, c1860
Land use in Austhwaite,circa 1860, from the First Edition Ordnance Survey 1:2500 map and its accompanying book of reference (available in the main reading room at the Carlisle Archive Office).

Key
(image may take a few seconds to load)

Manor bounds
Theoretical boundary of open common (excluding Birker)

Landuse

Moor-bound

Open moorland

Arable
Growing crops

Walkmill-A

Horticulture
Growing garden crops

Pasture
Pasture for livestock

Walkmill-P

Mill-P

Arable / Pasture
Mixed crop growing and livestock grazing

A / P

Rough pasture
Rough land, inclosed for livstock grazing

Woods and trees
Woodland, plantations and tree groups

Woodland (semi-natural)
Growing crops

Plantation
Trees deliberately planted in relatively recent times

Trees
Groups and rows of trees

River (old courses)
Course of the River Esk c1860, if significantly different from 2011

Gravel
Gravel beds beside the River Esk

Mill-G

Furze
Furze or gorse, not on moorland

Mill-F

The ratio of the sides of the light green "farmland" boxes is based on the ratio of the area, as given in the 1910 Land Tax survey, to the customary rent; the greatest acreage per shilling of customary rent is Low Ground, which is presented as a square. I have assumed that in the 17th century, woodland was directly controlled by the Stanleys, wherever in Austhwaite it was, so the dark green "woodland" blocks are not part of the ratio calculations. Dalegarth is presented as a circle because there is no customary rent applicable (but the area of the circle and its divisions is still in proportion to the acreage). There was no formal Tithe Commutation Award for Austhwaite, so the 1910 Land Tax is probably the earliest detailed map of estate boundaries; unfortunately, there had been much amalgamation by that time.
Although there seems at first to be a relationship between upland sites and more acres per shilling of rent, the Howhow / Swordhouse / Cragg block seems to argue against this. Remarkably, if the boundary of Forge Wood on the 1910 Land Tax map is taken to be the boundary of Swordhouse, crossing the road to meet the end of Brantrake, then the ratios of rent to acreage at Howhow, now called Forge Farm (14 shillings for 43.81 acres) are actually slightly better than at Swordhouse + Cragg (18 shillings for 54.67 acres), although the latter seems to consist mostly of low-grade upland. On the other hand, if one assumes that some of the good valley-floor land thus assigned to Howhow actually belonged to Swordhouse, the problem disappears...

lastcap

straight lines